The Skull of Quadruped and Bipedal Vertebrates: Variations, Abnormalities and Joint Pathologies
By Djillali Hadjouis
The Skull of Quadruped and Bipedal Vertebrates: Variations, Abnormalities and Joint Pathologies PDF forms part of the set, Comparative Anatomy and Posture of Animal and Human, and focuses on the skulls of Quaternary mammals and of Man since the acquisition of upright posture. Although the vast majority of the quadruped fossil species have a balanced postural adaptation, with no asymmetries or maxillo-mandibular dysmorphoses, the Hominine species that has acquired this readjustment of the body as well as a bipedal adaptation to the ground, will experience a series of postural imbalances starting with malocclusion in the genus Homo.
In order to arrive at this conclusion, the cranio-facial architectural biodynamics of several species of fossil and current mammals have been analyzed over three decades. In addition, hundreds of skulls of anatomically modern Hominids have been examined, highlighting their occlusal offsets, variations, anomalies and pathologies.
Table of Contents
Introduction xi
Part 1. The Skull of Fossil and Present-day Quadruped Vertebrates: Craniofacial Structure and Postural Balance 1
Chapter 1. Proboscideans: The Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)Â 3
1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species 3
1.2. Mammoth discoveries in ÃŽle-de-France 5
1.3. A young mammoth in Maisons-Alfort 5
1.4. A woolly mammoth skull in the reserves 6
1.5. A mammoth skull with removed tusks 7
1.6. A particular tooth eruption 8
Chapter 2. Equidae 11
2.1. The horse (Equus caballus) 11
2.1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species 11
2.1.2. A fossil horse in Africa: paleogeographic and biostratigraphic distributions 15
2.1.3. The postural balance of Equidae 17
2.1.4. Joint pathologies in service horses 18
2.1.5. Introduction to animal bone pathologies and zoonoses 20
2.1.6. The horse’s status over the centuries 20
2.2. The donkey (Equus asinus) 21
2.2.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species 22
2.2.2. The status of the donkey over the centuries 23
Chapter 3. Bovidae 25
3.1. Aurochs (Bos primigenius) 25
3.1.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of species 25
3.1.2. Cattle (Bos taurus) 27
3.1.3. The status of cattle over the centuries 28
3.2. The bison (Bison priscus): chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the species 28
3.3. The buffalo (Syncerus antiquus) 29
3.3.1. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of the current Syncerus and Bubalus buffaloes 29
3.3.2. Chronological, geographical and morphological indications of fossil species 30