• 1.1. The History of Aquatic Toxicology
• 1.2. The Main Present and Future Challenges
• 1.3. What is Measured

Chapter 2. What Causes Aquatic Contamination?

• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. Metals, Metalloids, and Organometallic Compounds
• 2.3. Other Inorganic Compounds, Including Factors Causing Eutrophication
• 2.4. Organic Compounds
• 2.5. Nanomaterials
• 2.6. Radiation
• 2.7. Genetic Modification

Chapter 3. Principles of Water Purification

• 3.1. Principles of wastewater treatment
• 3.2. Disinfection Steps for Generating Household Water
• 3.3. Sludge Treatment

Chapter 4. Sources and Transport of Chemicals in Aquatic Systems

• 4.1. The Major Sources of Pollutants
• 4.2. Transport of Pollutants in the Environment

Chapter 5. The Most Important Experimental Designs and Organisms in Aquatic Toxicology

• 5.1. Model Organisms Used
• 5.2. Micro- and Mesocosms
• 5.3. Ecosystem Manipulations
• 5.4. Biomonitoring

Chapter 6. Factors Affecting the Bioavailability of Chemicals

• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Pharmacological Bioavailability
• 6.3. Environmental Bioavailability

Chapter 7. Chemical Uptake by Organisms

• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. The Uptake of Ionic (Hydrophilic) Compounds
• 7.3. The Uptake of Lipophilic Compounds

Chapter 8. Chemical Distribution in Organisms

• 8.1. Introduction: Distribution of Chemicals in Organisms
• 8.2. Storage Sites of Chemicals in Organisms
• 8.3. Cellular Distribution of Chemicals

Chapter 9. Detoxification

• 9.1. Biotransformation of Organic Compounds
• 9.2. Detoxification by Forming Non-Harmful Complexes
• 9.3. Detoxification by Compartmentalization

Chapter 10. Excretion of Compounds from Organisms

• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. Cellular Excretion
• 10.3. Excretion from Gills
• 10.4. Excretion from the Kidney and Other Excretory Organs
• 10.5. Excretion in Bile Via the Intestine
• 10.6. Excretion From Multicellular Plants (Including Algae)

Chapter 11. Effects on Organisms

• 11.1. ’Omics in Aquatic Toxicology—Ecotoxicogenomics
• 11.2. Genotoxicity
• 11.3. Oxidative Stress
• 11.4. Effects on Reproduction
• 11.5. Neurotoxicity
• 11.6. Effects on Energy Metabolism
• 11.7. Membrane Effects
• 11.8. Apoptosis and Necrosis
• 11.9. Immunotoxicology
• 11.10. Effects on Development
• 11.11. Teratogenesis and Carcinogenesis
• 11.12. Behavioral Effects

Chapter 12. Bioindicators and Biomarkers

• 12.1. Bioindicators
• 12.2. Biomarkers

Chapter 13. Interactions between Chemicals

• 13.1. Lack of Interacting Effects (Additive Toxicity)
• 13.2. Agonism (potentiation, synergism)
• 13.3. Antagonism
• 13.4. Has Potentiation or Inhibition of Toxicity by Chemical Interactions been Demonstrated in Natural Environments?

Chapter 14. Acute and Chronic Toxicity

• 14.1. Introduction
• 14.2. Differentiating Between General Stress Responses and Specific Acute Responses to Pollutants
• 14.3. Time Courses of Toxicant Responses
• 14.4. What Signifies a Chronic Toxicant Response?

Chapter 15. Interactions Between Natural Environmental Factors and Toxicity

• 15.1. Temperature
• 15.2. Oxygen
• 15.3. Salinity
• 15.4. Other Abiotic Stresses
• 15.5. Competition and Predation

Chapter 16. Effects of Chemicals on Aquatic Populations

• 16.1. Introduction
• 16.2. Epidemiology
• 16.3. Demographic Effects
• 16.4. Population Genetics

Chapter 17. Effects of Chemicals on Aquatic Communities and Ecosystems

• 17.1. Introduction
• 17.2. Community Ecotoxicology
• 17.3. Ecosystem Ecotoxicology

Chapter 18. Modeling Toxicity

• 18.1. Introduction
• 18.2. Risk Assessment
• 18.3. Models with Lethality as an End Point
• 18.4. Toxicokinetic Modeling
• 18.5. QSAR
• 18.6. Modeling The Properties of Water Affecting Toxicity (of Metals)