Nitrofurantoin In Dogs & Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects
Overview
- The reaction involves the interaction of bacterial nitroreductase enzymes with certain compounds, resulting in the formation of molecules that can interact with bacterial DNA, ultimately leading to the breakdown of DNA strands.
Uses of Nitrofurantoin
- Nitrofurantoin is effective in treating urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms that are sensitive to it.
- It can target a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
- After oral administration, it is well absorbed but is quickly excreted through urine.
- It reaches therapeutic levels exclusively in the urinary tract and is not suitable for treating infections outside of the urinary system, such as pyelonephritis.
- The effectiveness of nitrofurantoin is highest in alkaline urine but attempts to alkalinize urine should be avoided as it decreases its activity.
- Its use is limited due to concerns about toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity.
Dose of Nitrofurantoin in Dogs and Cats
Dogs, Cats:
- For urinary tract infections only: 4.4–5 mg/kg p.o. q8h.
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Side Effects of Nitrofurantoin in Dogs and Cats
- In humans, it can occasionally lead to peripheral neuritis, pulmonary issues, hepatotoxicity, vomiting, diarrhoea, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Elevated oral doses may result in thrombocytopenia, anaemia, and leucopenia, along with prolonged bleeding durations.
Contraindications of Nitrofurantoin in Dogs and Cats
- Avoid using this medication in individuals with substantial kidney dysfunction, as it can lead to elevated serum levels and a heightened risk of severe side effects.
- Additionally, due to the mutagenic nature of nitrofurans, pregnant animals should not be administered this medication.
Some Notes:
- Antimuscarinic drugs and food can enhance the bioavailability of nitrofurantoin by delaying gastric emptying and improving the absorption of this relatively weak acidic compound in the stomach.
- Conversely, antagonistic interactions may occur when nitrofurantoin is used alongside fluoroquinolones.
- Furthermore, it may amplify the hyperkalemic effects of spironolactone.
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