By James N. Moore, Nathaniel A. White and Tim S. Mair
Equine Acute Abdomen PDF allows users to effectively diagnose and treat any acute disease of the stomach, intestines, peritoneum, liver, and abdominal wall. Its authorship includes over 20 internationally recognized experts that provide critical information needed by practitioners for management of abdominal diseases. This informative resource provides a thorough discussion of normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology. Surgical techniques are broken down into an easy-to-read step-by-step format. This highly visual presentation, with over 410 illustrations, is a necessary edition to an equine practitioner’s library.
Published by Teton New Media in the USA and distributed by Manson Publishing outside of North America.
Table of Contents
Normal Anatomy and Physiology Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Equine Gastrointestinal Tract Thomas M. Krunkosky, Carla Jarrett, and James N. Moore Esophagus
Esophagus-Stomach Junction
Stomach
Stomach-Small Intestine Junction
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas Physiology of the Digestive Tract Gastric Secretory Function – Michael J. Murray
Small Intestine Function – David E. Freeman
Digestive Physiology – Anatomy
Intraluminal Digestion
Absorption of Ions and Water
Absorption of Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat
Iron Absorption
Calcium and Magnesium Absorption
Intestinal Secretion
Motility
Control of Motility
Function of the Ileum
Large Bowel Function – Marco A.F. Lopes
Motility Patterns and Transit of Contents
Microbial Activity and Fermentation
Secretion and Absorption
Liver Function – Tim S. Mair
Bile Acid Metabolism and Excretion of Bile
Protein Metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Detoxification and Drug Metabolism
Storage Effects of Feeding on Equine Gastrointestinal Function or Physiology Marco A.F. Lopes Feeding Grain
Feeding Lush Grass
Replacing Grain With Fat
Feeding Mature Grass and Poor Quality Hay
Feeding Large Meals Intermittently and Fasting Intestinal Motility and Transit Peter C. Rakestraw Physiology of Normal Motility
Pathophysiology of Ileus
Treatment of Motility Disorders in the Horse
Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Diseases Pathophysiology of Gastric Ulcer Disease Michael J. Murray Gastric Ulcer Disease Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Disease: Obstruction and Strangulation Anthony T. Blikslager Simple Obstruction
Strangulating Obstruction
Intestinal Reparative Mechanisms Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Intraabdominal Adhesions in Horses P.O. Eric Mueller Current Concepts in Pathophysiology of Adhesion Formation
Diagnosis of Intraabdominal Adhesions
Current Concepts in Prevention of Adhesion Formation
Separation of Adhesiogenic Surfaces
Treatment of Intraabdominal Adhesions
Adhesion Prevention Strategies Pathophysiology of Peritonitis John F. Peroni Anatomy and Physiology of the Peritoneum
Etiology of Peritonitis
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Approach Pathophysiology of Enteritis and Colitis Harold C. McKenzie Inflammation
Pain
Ileus
Hypermotility
Hypersecretion
Osmotic Diarrhea
Decreased Absorption
Endothelial Dysfunction
Specific Diseases Malabsorption Syndromes Tim S. Mair and Thomas J. Divers Causes of Malabsorption Syndrome
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment Liver Diseases and Liver Failure Tim S. Mair and Thomas J. Divers Causes of Liver Disease
Diagnosis of Liver Disease
Hyperlipemia
Theiler’s Disease (Serum Hepatitis)
Other Causes of Acute Hepatic Disease and Failure in Adult Horses
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Intoxication
Cholangiohepatitis and Choledocholithiasis
Other Biliary Conditions
Chronic Active Hepatitis
Klein Grass (Panicium Coloratum) Toxicity
Alsike Clover Toxicity
Hepatic Neoplasia
Hepatic Amyloidosis
Iron Overload, Hemochromatosis
Right Hepatic Lobe Atrophy Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: Endotoxemia Reconsidered Clare E. Bryant and James N. Moore Responses to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
Receptors for Gram-Negative Bacteria and Bacterial Ligands
Receptors for Gram-Positive Bacteria and Bacterial Ligands
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Inflammatory Mediators and Their Source in the Horse
Intestinal Parasitism Intestinal Parasitism Christopher J. Proudman Principles of Iintestinal Parasitism
Strongylus Vulgaris
Cyathostomins
Tapeworms
Parascaris Equorum
Other Intestinal Parasites
Prevention
Epidemiology Epidemiology of Colic Noah D. Cohen General Epidemiologic Considerations
Incidence of Colic
Factors that Predispose to Colic
Factors Indicating the Need for Surgical Management of Colic
Frequency of and Factors Associated with Survival from Colic and Colic Surgery
Study of Colic Problems in Individuals and Herds
Diagnosis Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Disease Emma L. Rowe and Nathaniel A.White Signalment
History
Physical Examination
Hematology, Blood Gases, and Serum Biochemistry
Ultrasonography
Radiographs
Endoscopy
Laparoscopy
Fecal Examination
Transit Time
Exploratory Laparotomy
False Colic
Decision for Surgery
Medical Management Medical Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases Tim S. Mair Analgesia
Choice of Analgesics in Colic
Treatment of Intestinal Spasm and Spasmodic Colic
Treatment of Obstruction
Treatment of Flatulence and Tympany
Treatment of Ileus Treatment of Shock Kevin T. T. Corley Support of the Cardiovascular System
Fluid Therapy
Acid Base Balance
Types of Fluid
Oral Fluids
Delivery Systems
Recognition of Hypovolemia and Dehydration
Treatment Strategies Treatment of Endotoxemia Kevin T. T. Corley and Gayle D. Hallowell Drugs that Bind or Block Endotoxin
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Modulation of the Coagulation System
Drugs Affecting Intracellular Metabolism Treatment of Peritonitis John F. Peroni Medical Treatment
Interventional Treatment
Complications and Prognosis Diagnosis and Treatment of Enteritis and Colitis in the Horse Harold C. McKenzie Diagnosis
Specific Syndromes
Treatment
Supportive Therapies
Specific Therapies
Surgery
Specific Diseases Nonsurgical Management of Nephrosplenic Entrapment of the Large Colon Joanne Hardy Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Nonsurgical Correction
Complications and Prognosis
Prevention of Recurrence Colic in the Foal Martin O. Furr Abdominal Radiography
Gastroendoscopy
Ultrasonography
Abdominocentesis
Case Synthesis and Management
Surgical Treatment
Gastroduodenal Ulceration
Small-Intestinal Obstruction
Large-Colon Obstruction
Atresia
Nutritional Management Nutritional Management of the Colic Patient Ray J. Geor Rationale for Early Initiation of Nutritional Support after Colic and Intestinal Surgery
Estimating Nutrient Requirements
Modes of Nutritional Therapy
Feeding Management of Specific Gastrointestinal Conditions
Anesthesia for Abdominal Surgery Anesthesia for Horses with ColicCynthia M. Trim Preanesthetic Assessment
Anesthetic Agents
Induction of Anesthesia
Maintenance of Anesthesia
Anesthetic Agents in Foals
Monitoring
Cardiovascular Support
Hypercapnia and Hypoxemia
Airway Management
Recovery from Anesthesia
Anesthesia for Surgery in the Standing Horse
Surgery for Acute Abdominal Disease Preparation of the Patient David E. Freeman Patient Preparation
Antiseptics Agents
Draping the Surgery Site Surgical Exploration and Manipulation David E. Freeman Ventral Midline Incision
Inguinal Approach
Flank Laparotomy
Alternative Approaches
Abdominal Exploration
Examination and Handling of Small Intestine
Examination and Handling of Large Intestine
Special Circumstances
Intestinal Placement Surgical Techniques David E. Freeman Surgical Team
Surgical Environment and Equipment
Gowns, Drapes and Accessories
Decompression and Drainage
Laparotomy Sponges
Surgical Instruments and Suture
Stapling Instruments
Miscellaneous Instruments
Surgical Procedures in the Small Intestine Intestinal Viability David E. Freeman Small Intestine
Large Colon and Cecum
Small Colon Large-Colon Enterotomy, Resection and Anastomosis Joanne Hardy Large-Colon Enterotomy
Large Colon Resection Small Intestinal Resection and AnastomosisDavid E. Freeman Extent of Resection
Resection of Mesentery
Decompression
Resection and Anastomosis
Stoma Size
End-to-End Anastomosis
Stapled Jejunojejunostomy
Everted Triangulated Stapled Anastomosis
Stapled versus Handsewn Anastomoses for Jejunojejunostomy
Jejunoileostomy
Jejunocecal and Ileocecal Anastomoses
Pelvic Flexure Colotomy Abdominal ClosureDavid E. Freeman Closure of the Peritoneum
Linea Alba Closure
Techniques and Principles
Subcutaneous Closure and Skin
Incisional Dressing
Recovery Stall
Abdominal Bandages
Postoperative Care
Healing of the Equine Linea Alba
Special Circumstances
Secondary Closure
Intensive Care and Postoperative Care Monitoring Treatment for Abdominal Disease Tim S. Mair and Thomas J. Divers Frequency of Examinations
Physical Examinations
Monitoring Clinical Pathology Parameters Postoperative Complications Christopher J. Proudman Postoperative Colic
Postoperative Ileus (POI)
Jugular Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis
Incisional Infection
Incisional Hernia Formation
Adhesions
Laminitis
Specific Diseases Diseases of the Stomach Michael J. Murray Gastric Ulcer Syndromes
Gastric Impaction
Gastric Dilation
Neoplasia Liver Diseases In Foals Tim S. Mair and Thomas J. Divers Portosystemic Shunts
Tyzzer’s Disease
Equine Herpes Virus 1 Hepatitis
Liver Failure in Foals after Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
Umbilical Vein Abscess Affecting the Liver
Portal Vein Thrombosis
Hyperammonemia of Morgan Foals
Bile Duct Obstruction
Toxic Hepatopathy Diseases Of The Small Intestine David E. Freeman Strangulating Obstruction
Nonstrangualting Obstruction
Inflammatory and Infiltrative Diseases Diseases of the Cecum; Cecocecal and cecocolic intussusception James N. Moore and Joanne Hardy Cecal Tympany
Cecal Impaction
Cecocecal and Cecocolic Intussusception Specific diseases of the large colon Joanne Hardy Large-Colon Tympany
Large Colon Impaction
Sand Impaction
Enterolithiasis
Large-Colon Displacement
Other Simple Obstructions of the Large Colon
Large-Colon Torsion/Volvulus
Right Dorsal Colitis
Mural Infarction (Thromboembolic Colic)
Other Strangulating Lesions of the Large Colon Disorders of the Small Colon John F. Peroni Surgical Considerations Affected by Anatomic Features of the Small Colon
Obstructive Lesions
Vascular and Strangulating Lesions Vascular and strangulating lesions Peter C. Rakestraw Anatomy
Etiology and Prevention
Location and Classification of Rectal Tears
Clinical Signs and Diagnosis
Emergency Management
Medical Management
Surgical Management
Temporary Indwelling Rectal Liner
Loop Colostomy
Primary Repair
Nonvisual Direct Suturing Per Rectum
Ventral Midline Exposure and Antimesenteric Enterotomy for Suture Repair
Prognosis and Recommendations Colic and Pregnancy Elizabeth M. Santschi Colic during Pregnancy
Colic in the Peripartum Period Colic From Alternative Systems – “False Colics” Tim S. Mair Pain Associated with the Female Reproductive Tract
Pain Associated with the Male Reproductive Tract
Pain Associated with the Urinary Tract
Liver Diseases
The Pancreas
The Spleen
Pain Associated with the Respiratory Tract
Pain Associated with Cardiovascular Disease
Pain Associated with the Musculoskeletal System Abdominal InjuriesJohn F. Peroni Diagnostic Approach
Treatment Laminitis Associated with Acute Abdominal DiseaseJames K. Belknap and Andrew H. Parks Pathogenesis
Clinical Presentation
Treatment Index