Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine, 2nd Edition

Abdominal Distention in the Adult Horse 2

Abdominal Hernia in Adult Horses 4

Abdominocentesis 6

Abnormal Estrus Intervals 8

Abnormal Scrotal Enlargement 10

Abnormal Testicular Size 12

Abortion, Spontaneous, Infectious 14

Abortion, Spontaneous, Noninfectious 18

Acer rubrum (Red Maple) Toxicosis 22

Acidosis, Metabolic 24

Acidosis, Respiratory 26

Actinobacillosis 28

Acute Adult Abdominal Pain–Acute Colic 30

Acute Epiglottiditis 32

Acute Hepatitis in Adult Horses (Theiler’s Disease) 33

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) 34

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Foals 36

Adenovirus 38

Adrenal Insufficiency 39

Aflatoxicosis 40

African Horse Sickness 41

Agalactia/Hypogalactia 42

Aggression 44

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 46

Alkalosis, Metabolic 48

Alkalosis, Respiratory 50

Alopecia 52

Amitraz Toxicosis 55

Ammonia, Hyperammonemia 56

Amylase, Lipase, and Trypsin 58

Anaerobic Bacterial Infections 60

Anaphylaxis 63

Anemia 64

Anemia, Pure Red Cell Aplasia 66

Anemia, Heinz Body 68

Anemia, Immune-Mediated 70

Anemia, Iron Deficiency 72

Anestrus 74

Angular Limb Deformity 76

Anhidrosis 78

Anorexia and Decreased Food Intake 80

Anthrax 82

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicosis 83

Anuria/Oliguria 84

Aortic Regurgitation 86

Aortic Root Rupture 88

Arsenic Toxicosis 91

Artificial Insemination 92

Arytenoid Chrondopathy 95

Ascarid Infestation 96

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) 98

Aspiration Pneumonia 100

Atheroma of the False Nostril 101

Atopic Dermatitis 102

Atrial Fibrillation 104

Atrial Septal Defect 108

Aural Plaques 110

Azotemia and Uremia 112

Babesiosis 114

Back Pain 116

Bacteremia/Septicemia 118

Bacterial Dermatitis–Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci 120

Bacterial Dermatitis–Superficial 122

Bacterial Meningitis, Neonate 124

Basisphenoid/Basioccipital Bone Fracture 125

Bile Acids 126

Bilirubin (Hyperbilirubinemia) 128

Blindness Associated with Trauma 130

Blood Culture 132

Blood Transfusion Reactions 134

Blue-Green Algae 135

Bordetella bronchiseptica 136

Borna Disease 137

Botulism 138

Botulism, Neonate 141

Bradyarrhythmias 142

Broad Ligament Hematoma 144

Brucellosis 145

Bruxism 146

Burdock Pappus Bristle Keratopathy 148

Calcific Band Keratopathy 149

Calcium, Hypercalcemia 150

Calcium, Hypocalcemia 152

Cantharidin Toxicosis 154

Cardiotoxic Plants 156

Castration, Henderson Castration Instrument 158

Castration, Routine 159

Centaurea spp. Toxicosis 160

Cerebellar Abiotrophy 161

Cervical Lesions 162

Cervical Vertebral Malformation 164

Cestrum diurnum (Day-Blooming Jessamine) Toxicosis 165

Chloride, Hyperchloremia 166

Chloride, Hypochloremia 168

Cholelithiasis 170

Chorioretinitis 171

Chronic Progressive Lymphedema 172

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) 174

Chronic Weight Loss 176

Cleft Palate 177

Clitoral Enlargement 178

Clostridial Myositis 180

Clostridium difficile Enterocolitis 182

Coagulation Defects, Acquired 184

Coagulation Defects, Inherited 186

Coccidiomycosis 188

Coccidiosis 189

Colic–Chronic/Recurrent 190

Colic in Foals 192

Conception Failure 195

Congenital Cardiac Abnormalities 198

Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock) Toxicosis 200

Conjunctival Diseases 202

Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM) 204

Corneal/Scleral Lacerations 206

Corneal Stromal Abscesses 207

Corneal Ulceration 208

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 210

Cough 212

Creatine Kinase (CK) 214

Cryptorchidism 216

Cyanide Toxicosis 218

Cytology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Fluid 219

Cytology of Tracheal Aspiration (TA) Fluid 220

Dacryocystitis 222

Degenerative Myeloencephalophathy 224

Delayed Uterine Involution 226

Dermatomycoses, Subcutaneous 228

Dermatomycoses, Superficial 230

Dermatophilosis 232

Diaphragmatic Hernia 233

Diarrhea, Neonatal 234

Dicumarol (Moldy Sweet Clover) Toxicosis 236

Diseases of the Equine Nictitans 238

Disorders of Sexual Development 240

Disorders of the Thyroid: Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism 242

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 244

Distal and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Disease 246

Distal Tarsitis 248

Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate 250

Dorsal Metacarpal Bone Disease 252

Dourine 254

Duodenitis–Proximal Jejunitis (Anterior Enteritis, Proximal Enteritis) 256

Dynamic Collapse of the Upper Airway 258

Dystocia 260

Early Embryonic Death (EED) 262

Eastern (EEE), Western (WEE), and Venezuelan (VEE) Encephalitides 264

Eclampsia 266

Ectoparasites 268

Ehrlichiosis, Equine Granulocytic 270

Embryo Transfer (ET) 272

Endometrial Biopsy 274

Endometritis 276

Endotoxemia 280

Enterolithiasis 282

Eosinophilia and Basophilia 284

Eosinophilic Keratitis 285

Epiglottic Entrapment 286

Equine Cushing’s Disease 288

Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)/Insulin Resistance (IR) 290

Esophageal Obstruction (Choke) 292

Excessive Maternal Behavior/Foal Stealing 294

Endocorditis, Infective 295

Exercise-Associated Arrhythmias 297

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Syndrome 298

Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage 300

Expiratory Dyspnea 302

Exudative Optic Neuritis 304

Eyelid Diseases 306

Failure of Transfer of Passive Immunity (FTPI) 308

Fears and Phobias 310

Fell Pony Syndrome 313

Fescue Toxicosis 314

Fetal Stress/Distress/Viability 316

Fever 318

Flexural Limb Deformity 322

Fluid Therapy, Neonate 324

Fumonisins 326

Fungal Pneumonia 328

Fusaria 329

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) 330

Gastric Dilation/Distention 332

Gastric Neoplasia 334

Gastric Ulcers and Erosions (Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome) 336

Gastric Ulcers, Neonate 338

Getah Virus Infection 340

Glanders 341

Glaucoma 342

Glucose Tolerance Test 344

Glucose 346

Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency 348

Goiter 349

Granulomatous Enteritis 350

Grass Sickness 352

Guttural Pouch Empyema 354

Guttural Pouch Mycosis 356

Guttural Pouch Tympany 357

Head Trauma 358

Heaves (Recurrent Airway Obstruction) 360

Hemangiosarcoma 362

Hemorrhage, Acute 364

Hemorrhage, Chronic 366

Hemorrhagic Nasal Discharge 367

Hemospermia 368

Hendra Virus 369

Hepatic Abscess and Septic Cholangiohepatitis 370

Hepatic Encephalopathy 371

Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia 372

Hernias (Umbilical and Inguinal) 373

Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy 374

Herpesvirus Types 1 and 4 376

Herpesvirus 3 378

High-Risk Pregnancy, Neonate 380

High-Risk Pregnancy 382

Hydrocephalus 384

Hydrops Allantois/Amnion 386

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis 388

Hyperlipidemia/Hyperlipemia 390

Hyperthermia 392

Hypoxemia 394

Icterus (Prehepatic, Hepatic, and Posthepatic) 396

Idiopathic Colitis 398

Idiopathic Systemic Granulomatous Disease (Sarcoidosis) 400

Ileal Hypertrophy 401

Ileus 402

Immune-Mediated Keratitis 404

Immunoglobulin Deficiencies 405

Impaction 406

Infectious Anemia (EIA) 408

Infectious Arthritis (Nonhematogenous) 410

Inflammatory Airway Disease 412

Influenza 414

Insect Hypersensitivity 416

Inspiratory Dyspnea 418

Insulin Levels/Insulin Tolerance Test 420

Internal Abdominal Abscesses 422

Intestinal Absorption Tests 424

Intra-Abdominal Hemorrhage in Horses 426

Intracarotid Injection 428

Ionophore Toxicosis 430

Iris Prolapse 432

Iron Toxicosis 433

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 434

Isocoma wrightii (Rayless Goldenrod) Toxicosis 435

Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) Toxicosis 436

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa 437

Laminitis 438

Lantana camara (Lantana) Toxicosis 441

Large Colon Torsion 442

Large Ovary Syndrome 444

Large Strongyle Infestation 447

Laryngeal Hemiparesis/Hemiplegia 448

Lavender Foal Syndrome 450

Lawsonia intracellularis Infections in Foals 451

Lead (Pb) Toxicosis 452

Lens Opacities/Cataracts 454

Leptospirosis 456

Lethal White Foal Syndrome 458

Leukocytoclastic Pastern Vasculitis 459

Leukoencephalomalacia 460

Linear Keratosis and Linear Alopecia 461

Locomotor Stereotypic Behaviors 462

Lungworm—Parasitic Bronchitis and Pneumonia 464

Lyme Disease 466

Lymphadenopathy 468

Lymphocytic–Plasmacytic Enterocolitis 469

Lymphocytosis 470

Lymphoid Hyperplasia (Pharyngitis) 472

Lymphopenia 473

Lymphosarcoma 474

Magnesium Disorders 476

Malabsorption 478

Malicious Intoxication 480

Mastitis 482

Maternal Foal Rejection 484

Mast Cell Tumor 485

Meconium Retention 486

Melanoma 487

Melena and Hematochezia 488

Mercury Toxicosis 489

Metacarpo- (Metatarso-)Phalangeal Joint Disease 490

Metaldehyde Toxicosis 491

Methemoglobinemia 492

Methylxanthine Toxicosis 494

Mitral Regurgitation 496

Monocytosis 498

Motor Neuron Disease 500

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 502

Multiple Myeloma 503

Multisystemic Eosinophilic Epitheliotropic Disease 504

Myeloproliferative Diseases 506

Myocardial Disease 508

Narcolepsy and Cataplexy 510

Navicular Syndrome 511

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis 512

Nerium oleander (Oleander) Toxicosis 514

Neutropenia 516

Neutrophilia 518

Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicosis 520

Nonulcerative Keratouveitis 521

Nutrition in Foals 522

Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (NHP) 524

Ocular/Adnexal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 526

Ocular Examination 528

Ocular Problems in the Neonate 529

Omphalophlebitis 532

Optic Nerve Atrophy 534

Oral Neoplasia 536

Oral Sterotypic Behaviors 538

Oral Ulcers 540

Orbital Disease 542

Organophosphate and Carbamate Toxicosis 544

Osmolality, Hyperosmolality 546

Osteoarthritis 548

Osteochondrosis 550

Ovulation Failure 552

Pancreatic Disease 554

Pancytopenia 555

Panicum coloratum (Kleingrass) Toxicosis 556

Papillomatosis 557

Paraphimosis 558

Pastern Dermatitis 560

Patent Ductus Arteriosus 562

Patent Urachus 564

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Toxicosis 565

Pemphigus Foliaceus 566

Penetrating Injuries to the Foot 567

Penile Lacerations 568

Penile Paralysis 569

Penile Vesicles, Erosions, and Tumors 570

Pericarditis 572

Perinatal Asphyxia Syndrome 574

Perineal Lacerations/Recto-Vaginal-Vestibular Fistulas 576

Periocular Sarcoid 578

Periodontal Disease 580

Peritonitis 582

Petechiae, Ecchymoses, and Hematomas 583

Pheochromocytoma 584

Phimosis 585

Phosphorus, Hyperphosphatemia 586

Phosphorus, Hypophosphatemia 588

Photic Headshaking 590

Photosensitization 592

Pica 594

Pigmenturia (Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, and Myoglobinuria) 595

Placental Basics 598

Placental Insufficiency 599

Placentitis 600

Pleural Fluid Cytology 602

Pleuropneumonia 603

Pneumonia, Neonatal 604

Pneumothorax 606

Pneumovagina/Pneumouterus 607

Poisoning (Intoxication)–General Principles 608

Polycythemia 610

Polyneuritis Equi 612

Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy 613

Polyuria (PU) and Polydipsia (PD) 614

Postpartum Metritis 616

Potassium, Hyperkalemia 618

Potassium, Hypokalemia 619

Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) 620

Pregnancy Diagnosis 622

Premature Placental Separation 624

Prepubic Tendon Rupture 626

Priapism 628

Primary Hyperparathyroidism 629

Progressive Ethmoidal Hematoma 630

Proliferative Optic Neuropathy 631

Prolonged Diestrus 632

Prolonged Pregnancy 634

Protein, Hyperfibrinogenemia 636

Protein, Hyperproteinemia 638

Protein, Hypoproteinemia 640

Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE) 642

Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) 644

Ptyalism 646

Purpura Hemorrhagica 648

Purulent Nasal Discharge 650

Pyometra 652

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicosis 654

Quercus spp. (Oak) Toxicosis 656

Rabies 657

Rectal Prolapse 658

Rectal Tear 660

Recumbent Horse 662

Recurrent Uveitis 664

Regurgitation/Vomiting/Dysphagia 666

Retained Deciduous Teeth 668

Retained Fetal Membranes 669

Rhodococcus equi 670

Rib Fractures in Foals 672

Right and Left Dorsal Displacement of the Colon 674

Right Dorsal Colitis 676

Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust) Toxicosis 678

Salmonellosis 680

Sand Impaction and Enteropathy 682

Sarcoid 684

Scrambling in Trailers 686

Seizure Disorders 688

Seizures in Foals 690

Selenium Intoxication 692

Self-Mutilation 693

Septic Arthritis, Neonatal 694

Septic Meningoencephalomyelitis 696

Septicemia, Neonatal 698

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency 700

Shivers (Shivering) 701

Sinusitis (Paranasal) 702

Slaframine Toxicosis 704

Small Strongyle Infestation 705

Small Intestinal Obstruction 706

Smoke Inhalation 708

Snake Envenomation 710

Sodium, Hypernatremia 712

Sodium, Hyponatremia 713

Solanum spp. (Nightshade) Toxicosis 714

Solar Abscess 715

Soluble Oxalate Toxicosis 716

Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH)/Iditol Dehydrogenase (IDH) 718

Sorghum spp. Toxicosis 720

Spermatogenesis and Factors Affecting Sperm Production 722

Spider Envenomation 724

Splenomegaly 725

Stallion Sexual Behavior Problems 726

Staphylococcal Infections 728

Stationary Night Blindness 730

Streptococcus equi Infection 732

Stress Fractures 734

Summer Pasture–Associated Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 736

Superficial Nonhealing Ulcers with Anterior Stromal Sequestration 738

Supraventricular Arrhythmias 740

Suspensory Desmitis 742

Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter 743

Synovial Fluid 744

Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy 746

Tendonitis 748

Tenesmus 750

Teratoma 751

Tetanus 752

Tetralogy of Fallot 754

Thoracic Trauma 756

Thrombocytopenia 758

Thrombocytosis 760

Thyroid Tumors 761

Toxic Hepatopathy 762

Trailer Loading/Unloading Problems 764

Training and Learning Problems 766

Tremorgenic Mycotoxin Toxicoses 769

Thyroid-Releasing Hormone (TRH) and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Stimulation Tests 770

Tricuspid Regurgitation 772

Trifolium hybridium (Alsike Clover) Toxicosis 774

Tropane Alkaloids 775

Trypanosomiasis 776

Tuberculosis 777

Tumors of Respiratory System 778

Twin Pregnancy 780

Tyzzer’s Disease (Clostridium piliformis) 782

Ulcerative Keratomycosis 784

Upward Fixation of the Patella 786

Urinalysis 788

Urinary Incontinence 790

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 792

Urine Pooling/Urovagina 794

Urolithiasis 796

Uroperitoneum, Neonatal 798

Urticaria 800

Uterine Inertia 802

Uterine Torsion 804

Vaccination Protocols 806

Vaginal Prolapse 808

Vaginitis and Vaginal Discharge 809

Ventricular Arrhythmias 810

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) 814

Verminous Meningoencephalomyelitis 816

Vesicular Stomatitis 817

Vicia villosa (Hairy Vetch) Toxicosis 818

Viral and Herpes Keratitis 819

Viral Arteritis 820

Vision 822

Vulvar Conformation 824

Weaning Separation Stress 826

West Nile Virus 828

White Muscle Disease 830