Beyond One Health, From Recognition to Results PDF. Tackling One Health from a multi-disciplinary perspective, this book offers in-depth insight into how our health and the health of every living creature and our ecosystem are all inextricably connected.
Presents critical population health topics, written by an international group of experts
Addresses the technical aspects of the subject
Offers potential policy solutions to help mitigate current threats and prevent additional threats from occurring
1 Epidemiology: Science as a Tool to Inform One Health Policy 3 Yvette J. Johnson]Walker and John B. Kaneene
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Enhancing Our Understanding of Health and Disease 5
1.2.1 Causes of Disease 5
1.2.1.1 Deterministic Models of Disease 6
1.2.1.2 Hill’s Causal Criteria 7
1.2.1.3 Multifactorial Models of Disease Causation 8
1.2.1.4 Breaking the Chain of Transmission 8
1.2.2 Assessing the Impact of Disease 10
1.2.3 Natural Course of Disease 13
1.2.3.1 Reservoirs of Disease 13
1.2.3.2 Humans as a Reservoir 14
1.2.3.3 Domestic Animal Reservoirs 14
1.2.3.4 Wildlife Reservoirs 17
1.2.3.5 Environmental Reservoirs 17
1.3 From Understanding Epidemiology to Public Policy 19
1.3.1 Assessments of Diagnostic Test Reliability 20
1.3.2 Determination of Safety and Effectiveness of New Treatments and Vaccines 20
1.3.3 Assessment of Health at the Level of the Individual, Community, or Ecosystem and Establish Standards of Care for Prevention and Treatment Protocols/Programs 21
1.3.4 Establishing Disease Response Regulations and Control Standards 22
1.4 Examples of the Benefits of Using a One Health Approach 23
1.4.1 Overall Summary of Practical Experiences Applying a One Health Approach 25
References 28
2 Health Impacts in a Changing Climate 31 Donald J. Wuebbles
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Our Changing Climate 32
2.2.1 Climate Change Effects on Temperature 33
2.2.2 Climate Change Effects on Precipitation 34
2.2.3 Climate Change Effects on Severe Weather 37
2.3 The Basis for a Human Cause for Climate Change 41
2.4 Twenty]first Century Projections of Climate Change 43
2.5 Climate and Health 49
2.5.1 Temperature]Related Death and Illness 49
2.5.2 Air Quality Impacts 50
2.5.3 Vector]Borne Diseases 50
2.5.4 Water]Related Illnesses 52
2.5.5 Food Safety, Nutrition, and Distribution 52
2.5.6 Extreme Weather]Related Impacts 54
2.5.7 Mental Health and Well]being 54
2.5.8 Climate–Health Risk Factors and Populations of Concern 55
2.6 Summary and a Look Forward 55
References 56
3 Food Safety and Security 61 Megin Nichols, Lauren Stevenson, Casey Barton Behravesh, and Robert V. Tauxe
3.1 Evolution of Food Production 61
3.2 Foodborne Illness 63
3.3 A One Health Approach to Foodborne Illness Detection and Response 68
3.4 Antibiotic Resistance and Food Safety 75
3.5 Zoonotic Disease and Foodborne Pathogens 78
3.6 Outbreak Response Communication 80
References 83
4 Water Security in a Changing World 89 Jeffrey M. Levengood, Ari Hörman, Marja]Liisa Hänninen, and Kevin O’Brien
4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 Waterborne Pathogens and Contaminants : Technologies for Drinking Water Treatment and Management of Water Safety 90
4.2.1 Waterborne Pathogens 90
4.2.2 Antibiotic]Resistant Bacteria in Source and Drinking Water 91
4.2.3 Chemical Hazards in the Drinking Water 93
4.2.4 Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater and Raw Water Sources 93
4.2.5 Water Treatment Methods 93
4.2.5.1 Thermal Treatment 94
4.2.5.2 Chemical Disinfection 94
4.2.5.3 Filtration 95
4.2.5.4 Other Treatment Methods 96
4.2.6 Surveillance for Waterborne Diseases 96
4.2.7 Requirements for Drinking Water Quality 96
4.2.8 Water Safety Plans (WSPs) 97
4.3 The Water/Energy/Food Nexus: Mitigating Global Risks 99
4.3.1 Water/Energy Nexus 99
4.3.1.1 Nuclear 102
4.3.1.2 Coal 103
4.3.1.3 Natural Gas 103
4.3.1.4 Renewables 103
4.3.1.5 Water/Energy Nexus Summary 104
4.3.2 Water/Food Nexus 104
4.3.2.1 Water/Food Nexus Summary 107
4.3.3 Water/Energy/Food Nexus: Summary and Next Steps 107
Acknowledgments 108
References 108
5 One Toxicology, One Health, One Planet 115 Daniel Hryhorczuk, Val R. Beasley, Robert H. Poppenga, and Timur Durrani
5.1 Introduction 115
5.1.1 History 115
5.1.2 Toxic Chemicals in Our Environment 117
5.1.3 One Toxicology 118
5.2 Key Concepts 120
5.2.1 Dose]Response Relationships 120
5.2.2 Differences in Susceptibility 120
5.2.3 Periods of Increased Susceptibility 122
5.2.4 Receptors 122
5.2.5 Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics 123
5.3 Ecotoxicology and Human Exposures 124
5.3.1 Everyday Toxicology and Ecotoxicology: Contrasts, Complexities, and Challenges 124
5.3.2 Toxicant Fate in the Environment 125
5.3.3 Contrasts in Feasibility: Examinations and Interventions 129
5.3.4 Indirect Effects of Chemicals 132
5.3.5 Direct Immunotoxicity and Indirectly Mediated Immunosuppression 137
5.3.6 Neurotoxicity 138
5.3.7 Endocrine Disruption 138
5.3.8 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity 140
5.4 Toxicological Risk Assessment and One Health 141
5.4.1 Risk Assessment 141
5.4.2 Regulatory Toxicology 141
5.4.3 One Health and One Toxicology on One Earth 142
5.5 Conclusions 143
References 144
6 Biodiversity and Health 153 Dominic A. Travis, Jonathan D. Alpern, Matteo Convertino, Meggan Craft, Thomas R. Gillespie, ShaunKennedy, Cheryl Robertson, Christopher A. Shaffer, and William Stauffer
6.1 Introduction 153
6.2 Connectivity 155
6.2.1 Biodiversity as an Indicator of Health 155
6.2.2 Social Factors 158
6.3 Grand Challenges, Development Goals, Global Health Security, and Ecosystem Health 159
6.3.1 The Case of Agriculture, Food Security, and Biodiversity 161
6.3.2 The Case of Wildlife Trade, Bushmeat, and Biodiversity 162
6.3.3 The Case of Infectious Diseases and Biodiversity 165
6.3.4 The Case of Climate Change, Conflict, and Human and Animal Migration 166
6.4 Conclusions and a Way Forward 168
6.4.1 The Application of Complexity Science and Technology Tools to Optimize Health and Environmental Outcomes 168
References 170
7 Emerging Infectious Diseases: Old Nemesis, New Challenges 177 Ronald C. Hershow and Kenneth E. Nusbaum
7.1 Introduction 177
7.2 Rabies 180
7.2.1 Natural History 180
7.2.2 The Epizoology of Rabies Virus 181
7.2.3 Global Burden 181
7.3 Avian Influenza 182
7.3.1 Natural History 182
7.3.2 Recent Outbreaks 183
7.4 Zika Virus 186
7.5 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) 188
7.6 Summary 189
Acknowledgments 190
References 190
8 Reigning Cats and Dogs: Perks and Perils of Our Courtship with Companion Animals 195 Sandra L. Lefebvre and Robert V. Ellis
8.1 Introduction 195
8.2 Benefits and Hazards of Human]Pet Relationships 197
8.2.1 Physical and Mental Health 197
8.2.1.1 Impacts on Humans 197
8.2.1.2 Impacts on Pets 200
8.2.2 Overweight and Obesity 202
8.2.3 Feeding Practices and Illness 203
8.2.3.1 Human Illness Related to Pet Feeding Practices 203
8.2.3.2 Pet Illness Related to Feeding Practices 205
