By Oskar-Rüger Kaaden, Claus-Peter Czerny and Werner Eichhorn
Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin PDF. Since the central theme of this book is the transmission of disease agents through the food chain, we will examine influenza viruses from this perspective. Influenza A viruses are found in humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals, and also in wild aquatic and domestic birds [23]. How are they spread? Between mammals, influenza is an airborne infection, but between birds, influenza can be either an airborne or waterborne infection. Influenza viruses of aquatic birds periodically transmit to domestic birds sometimes with catastrophic effects; this transmis sion can be either airborne or waterborne. Less frequently, avian influenza viruses transmit to mammals and three to four times in the past century this transmission has initiated a pandemic of influenza in humans. The method of spread of avian influenza viruses to mammals remains unresolved, but could be either airborne or waterborne. In this report we will consider recent examples of interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses and the possible prevention of emergence of the next human pandemic which is considered imminent. The reservoirs of influenza A viruses The available evidence indicates that aquatic birds are the reservoirs of all 15 subtypes of influenza A viruses. We will first consider the replication of influenza A in aquatic birds. In wild ducks, influenza viruses replicate preferentially in the cells lining the intestinal tract, cause no disease signs, and 8 7 are excreted in high concentrations in the feces (up to 10 .
Table of Contents
Cowpox: a re-evaluation of the risks of human cowpox based on new epidemiological information
Characterization of a cowpox-like orthopox virus which had caused a lethal infection in man
Molecular genetic analyses of parapoxviruses pathogenic for humans
Recent advances in molluscum contagiosum virus research
Molecular anatomy of lymphocystis disease virus
Detection of virus or virus specific nucleic acid in foodstuff or bioproducts — hazards and risk assessment
Rapid molecular detection of microbial pathogens: breakthroughs and challenges
Where do we stand with oral vaccination of foxes against rabies in Europe?
Foot-and-mouth disease as zoonosis
Molecular epidemiology of influenza
Influenza virus: transmission between species and relevance to emergence of the next human pandemic
Functional chimeric HN glycoproteins derived from Newcastle disease virus and human parainfluenza virus-3
Viral factors determining rotavirus pathogenicity
Viral zoonoses and food of animal origin: caliciviruses and human disease
The role of human caliciviruses in epidemic gastroenteritis
Clinical similarities and close genetic relationship of human and animal Borna disease virus
Molecular characterization of Borna disease virus from naturally infected animals and possible links to human disorders
Haemorrhagic fevers and ecological perturbations
Transmission, species specificity, and pathogenicity of Aujeszky’s disease virus
The role of veterinary public health in the prevention of zoonoses
Viral infections transmitted by food of animal origin: the present situation in the European Union
Viral zoonosis from the viewpoint of their epidemiological surveillance: tick-borne encephalitis as a model
Strategies to avoid virus transmissions by biopharmaceutic products
