Dedication

Preface

Contributors to the Third Edition

Contributors to the Second Edition

Contributors to the First Edition

Chapter 1. Biomedical Engineering

1.1. The Evolution of the Modern Health Care System

1.2. The Modern Health Care System

1.3. What Is Biomedical Engineering?

1.4. Roles Played by the Biomedical Engineers

1.5. Recent Advances in Biomedical Engineering

1.6. Professional Status of Biomedical Engineering

1.7. Professional Societies

Chapter 2. Moral and Ethical Issues

2.1. Morality and Ethics: A Definition of Terms

2.2. Two Moral Norms: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

2.3. Redefining Death

2.4. The Terminally Ill Patient and Euthanasia

2.5. Taking Control

2.6. Human Experimentation

2.7. Definition and Purpose of Experimentation

2.8. Informed Consent

2.9. Regulation of Medical Device Innovation

2.10. Marketing Medical Devices

2.11. Ethical Issues in Feasibility Studies

2.12. Ethical Issues in Emergency Use

2.13. Ethical Issues in Treatment Use

2.14. The Role of the Biomedical Engineer in the FDA Process

Chapter 3. Anatomy and Physiology

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Cellular Organization

3.3. Tissues

3.4. Major Organ Systems

3.5. Homeostasis

Chapter 4. Biomechanics

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Basic Mechanics

4.3. Mechanics of Materials

4.4. Viscoelastic Properties

4.5. Cartilage, Ligament, Tendon, and Muscle

4.6. Clinical Gait Analysis

4.7. Cardiovascular Dynamics

Chapter 5. Biomaterials

5.1. Materials in Medicine: From Prosthetics to Regeneration

5.2. Biomaterials: Types, Properties, and Their Applications

5.3. Lessons from Nature on Biomaterial Design and Selection

5.4. Tissue–Biomaterial Interactions

5.5. Biomaterials Processing Techniques for Guiding Tissue Repair and Regeneration

5.6. Safety Testing and Regulation of Biomaterials

5.7. Application-Specific Strategies for the Design and Selection of Biomaterials

Chapter 6. Tissue Engineering

6.1. What Is Tissue Engineering?

6.2. Biological considerations

6.3. Physical considerations

6.4. Scaling up

6.5. Implementation of Tissue Engineered Products

6.6. Future Directions: Functional Tissue Engineering and the “-Omics” Sciences

6.7. Conclusions

Chapter 7. Compartmental Modeling

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Solutes, Compartments, and Volumes

7.3. Transfer of Substances between Two Compartments Separated by a Membrane

7.4. Compartmental Modeling Basics

7.5. One-Compartment Modeling

7.6. Two-Compartment Modeling

7.7. Three-Compartment Modeling

7.8. Multicompartment Modeling

Chapter 8. Biochemical Reactions and Enzyme Kinetics

8.1. Chemical Reactions

8.2. Enzyme Kinetics

8.3. Additional Models Using the Quasi-Steady-State Approximation

8.4. Diffusion, Biochemical Reactions, and Enzyme Kinetics

8.5. Cellular Respiration: Glucose Metabolism and the Creation of ATP

8.6. Enzyme Inhibition, Allosteric Modifiers, and Cooperative Reactions

Chapter 9. Bioinstrumentation

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Basic Bioinstrumentation System

9.3. Charge, Current, Voltage, Power, and Energy

9.4. Resistance

9.5. Linear Network Analysis

9.6. Linearity and Superposition

9.7. Thévenin’s Theorem

9.8. Inductors

9.9. Capacitors

9.10. A General Approach to Solving Circuits Involving Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors

9.11. Operational Amplifiers

9.12. Time-Varying Signals

9.13. Active Analog Filters

9.14. Bioinstrumentation Design

Chapter 10. Biomedical Sensors

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Biopotential Measurements

10.3. Physical Measurements

10.4. Blood Gas Sensors

10.5. Bioanalytical Sensors

10.6. Optical Sensors

Chapter 11. Biosignal Processing

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Physiological Origins of Biosignals

11.3. Characteristics of Biosignals

11.4. Signal Acquisition

11.5. Frequency Domain Representation of Biological Signals

11.6. Linear Systems

11.7. Signal Averaging

11.8. The Wavelet Transform and the Short-Time Fourier Transform

11.9. Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Chapter 12. Bioelectric Phenomena

12.1. Introduction

12.2. History

12.3. Neurons

12.4. Basic Biophysics Tools and Relationships

12.5. Equivalent Circuit Model for the Cell Membrane

12.6. The Hodgkin-Huxley Model of the Action Potential

12.7. Model of a Whole Neuron

12.8. Chemical Synapses

Chapter 13. Physiological Modeling

13.1. Introduction

13.2. An Overview of the Fast Eye Movement System

13.3. The Westheimer Saccadic Eye Movement Model

13.4. The Saccade Controller

13.5. Development of an Oculomotor Muscle Model

13.6. The 1984 Linear Reciprocal Innervation Saccadic Eye Movement Model

13.7. The 1995 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model

13.8. The 2009 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model

13.9. Saccade Neural Pathways

13.10. System Identification

Chapter 14. Biomedical Transport Processes

14.1. Biomedical Mass Transport

14.2. Biofluid Mechanics and Momentum Transport

14.3. Biomedical Heat Transport

Chapter 15. Radiation Imaging

15.1. Introduction

15.2. Emission Imaging Systems

15.3. Instrumentation and Imaging Devices

15.4. Radiographic Imaging Systems

Chapter 16. Medical Imaging

16.1. Introduction

16.2. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging

16.3. Magnetic resonance imaging

16.4. Magnetoencephalography

16.5. Contrast agents

16.6. Comparison of imaging modes

16.7. Image Fusion

16.8. Summary

Chapter 17. Biomedical Optics and Lasers

17.1. Introduction to Essential Optical Principles

17.2. Fundamentals of Light Propagation in Biological Tissue

17.3. Physical Interaction of Light and Physical Sensing

17.4. Biochemical Measurement Techniques Using Light

17.5. Fundamentals of the Photothermal Therapeutic Effects of Light Sources

17.6. Fiber Optics and Waveguides in Medicine

17.7. Biomedical Optical Imaging

Appendix

Index