Cryptosporidium as a Foodborne Pathogen

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Cryptosporidium as a Foodborne Pathogen

By Lucy J. Robertson

Cryptosporidium as a Foodborne Pathogen PDF. Although widely recognized as an important waterborne pathogen, Cryptosporidium spp. can also be transmitted by contamination of food. The same properties of this protozoan parasite that mean that water is an excellent transmission vehicle are also important for foodborne transmission. These include the low infective dose, the high number of oocysts that are excreted, and the robustness of these transmission stages. However, many more outbreaks of waterborne cryptosporidiosis have been reported than foodborne outbreaks. This is probably partly due to epidemiological tracing being much more difficult for foodborne outbreaks than waterborne outbreaks, and the number of persons exposed to infection often being fewer. Nevertheless, the potential importance of foodborne transmission is gradually being recognized, and a wide range of different foodstuffs have been associated with those outbreaks that have been recorded. Additionally, various factors mean that the potential for foodborne transmission is becoming of increasing importance: these include the growth of international food trade, a current trend for eating raw or very lightly cooked foods, and the rise in small-scale organic farms, where there the possibility for contamination of vegetable crops with animal feces may be greater.

Read more: Pathogens and Toxins in Food Challenges and Interventions

Table of Contents

1 Introduction to Cryptosporidium: The Parasite and the Disease ………. 1
2 Transmission Routes and Factors That Lend
Themselves to Foodborne Transmission …………………………………………. 11
3 Documented Foodborne Outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis ……………….. 13
4 Approaches to Detecting Cryptosporidium Oocysts
in Different Food Matrices …………………………………………………………….. 25
4.1 Fruits and Vegetables ………………………………………………………………. 28
4.1.1 Method Development ……………………………………………………. 28
4.1.2 Method Standardisation ………………………………………………… 30
4.1.3 Further Research on Method Development ……………………… 32
4.2 Shellfi sh…………………………………………………………………………………. 33
4.3 Meat ……………………………………………………………………………………… 35
4.4 Beverages ………………………………………………………………………………. 36
4.5 Water Used in the Food Industry ………………………………………………. 37
5 Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in Different
Food Matrices: Results of Surveys …………………………………………………. 39
5.1 Fruits and Vegetables ………………………………………………………………. 40
5.2 Shellfi sh…………………………………………………………………………………. 44
5.3 Meat ……………………………………………………………………………………… 48
5.4 Beverages ………………………………………………………………………………. 49
5.5 Water Used in the Food Industry ………………………………………………. 50
5.5.1 Irrigation Water, etc. …………………………………………………….. 50
5.5.2 Depuration Water …………………………………………………………. 54
5.5.3 Wash Water …………………………………………………………………. 55
5.5.4 Other Water …………………………………………………………………. 55
6 Inactivation or Decontamination Procedures ………………………………….. 57
7 Risk Assessment and Regulations …………………………………………………… 65
8 Future Challenges …………………………………………………………………………. 71
9 Conclusions …………………………………………………………………………………… 73
References ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 75

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Veterinary Extension Education

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By G R K Sharma

Veterinary Extension Education book has been prepared to serve as a textbook for students taking professional courses in the discipline of extension education in all veterinary and fisheries colleges and State veterinary units as well as agricultural universities in India. Various concepts, philosophy, principles and methods of extension education programme planning, private extension, information and communication technologies and rural developmental programmes have been described at a functional level so as to help extension functionaries properly and effectively.

Veterinary Extension Education Book PDF serves as a handbook in the relevant government departments, Non-governmental organizations, co-operatives and all other input agencies, as well as research institutes and Krishi Vigyan Kendras in respect of their extension work critically.

Table of Contents

Extension Education: Concept, Objectives, and Principles
Genesis of Extension in India
Rural Sociology
Teaching-Learning Process
Extension Teaching Methods
Audio-Visual Methods & Materials
Communication for Development
Extension Management
Adoption and Diffusion Process
Programme Planning and Evaluation
Leaders and Leadership
Livestock Development Programmes in India
Cooperatives: Meaning & Objectives
Livestock Economics & Accountancy
Livestock Farming: Types, Systems & Marketing
Survey Techniques & Sampling Methods
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Entrepreneurship
Private Extension: Indian Experiences
Transfer of Technology
Fisheries Extension in India

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The Complete Textbook of Animal Health and Welfare

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The Complete Textbook of Animal Health & Welfare

By Jane Williams RCVS CertEd VN

The Complete Textbook of Animal Health and Welfare PDF is a core text for students in animal care, animal technology or animal science programmes, and a supplementary text for related equine, wildlife and veterinary courses. It provides an in depth text for students at Further Education (FE) levels 2 and 3, and a foundation text for students studying in Higher Education. Each chapter covers the subject in depth (level 3 FE) via diagrams, images and text, then summarises it at a foundation level (level 2 FE) to engage students of different abilities.

Core text for students studying animal care, animal technology or animal science
Supplementary text for related equine, wildlife and veterinary courses
Reflects all aspects covered in the animal care curriculum
Highly illustrated
Written by author with expertise in this area with many contributions from experienced
Educationalists and experts to ensure quality & validity
Covers all species

Practical Human Behaviour Change For The Health And Welfare Of Animals

Recommended Book:

Practical Human Behaviour Change for the Health and Welfare of Animals

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to the Animal Body
2. Locomotor System
3. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
4. Digestive and Lymphatic Systems
5. Urogenital System
6. Nervous System
7. Endocrine and Exocrine Systems
8. Companion Animal Health and Welfare
9. Equine Health and Welfare
10. Farm Animal Health and Welfare
11. First Aid
12. Fluid Therapy and Diseases
13. Anaesthesia and Radiography
14. The Animal and Equine Industry
15. Terminology and Management of Animal Collections
16. Management of Zoological Collections
17. Grooming
18. Laboratory Skills and Microbiology
19. The Veterinary Profession, Pharmacology, and Theatre Practice
20. Genetics and Reproductive Science
21. Principles of Animal Behaviour
22. Behaviour of Common Species
23. Complementary Therapies
24. Principles of Ecology
25. Nutrition
26. Exotic Species
27. Animal Welfare and the Law
28. Research Methods
29. Normal Clinical Parameters of Companion Animals
Index

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Canine Good Citizen: 10 Essential Skills Every Well-Mannered Dog Should Know 2nd Edition

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By Mary R. Burch

Canine Good Citizen: 10 Essential Skills Every Well-Mannered Dog Should Know 2nd Edition PDF is One of The Best Veterinary Books Online. The Canine Good Citizen program was created by the American Kennel Club to reward dogs who have good manners at home and in the community. Written by the respected dog experts at the American Kennel Club – the very same organization that designed the test – Citizen Canine will help dog owners easily maneuver through the program’s 10-step curriculum, stressing responsible pet ownership and basic good manners for dogs. With the valuable information found in this helpful guide, your dog will pass the Canine Good Citizen obedience test with flying colors!

Behavior Problems Of The Dog And Cat 4Th Edition

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Rabbit Breeds: The Pocket Guide to 49 Essential Breeds

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Rabbit Breeds, The Pocket Guide to 49 Essential Breeds

By Lynn M. Stone

Rabbit Breeds: The Pocket Guide to 49 Essential Breeds PDF. Rabbits are the third-most popular pet in the United States and have also earned significant farming and commercial followings: fiber enthusiasts love angora for its light-weight warmth, and chefs are serving up increasing amounts of their high-protein, low-fat meat. In Rabbit Breeds, photographer Lynn M. Stone spotlights all 49 breeds recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association with adorable original photos, engaging descriptions, and fun facts. This handsome and educational guide is sure to inform and bring a smile to the face of rabbit fanciers and general animal lovers alike.

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Quantifying Diets of Wildlife and Fish: Practical and Applied Methods

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Quantifying Diets of Wildlife and Fish: Practical and Applied Methods PDF

By Michael Calver and Neil Loneragan

Quantifying Diets of Wildlife and Fish PDF presents different techniques available to study animal diets. Ecologists determine animal diets to build natural history knowledge, test hypotheses in ecological theory and make informed management decisions for important ecosystems. Many researchers use techniques traditionally applied to the animals they study, rather than choose from the techniques with greatest potential for their study. In an effort to encourage researchers to consider new approaches, this book focuses on the techniques, rather than on particular groups of organisms or specific environments.

With contributions from leading ecologists, chapters explore experimental design, observational techniques (including new technologies), stomach contents and fecal analysis, eDNA, tracers and stable isotopes. They also cover the latest multivariate methods of analyses suitable for describing animal diets and feeding relationships, as well as testing hypotheses relevant to ecological theory, environmental management and biological conservation. The expert knowledge provided will encourage readers to look beyond the boundaries of their specialties, assist in testing important hypotheses and provide insights into management problems. The examples in this book cover a range of vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as different environments, to open these methods up for novice ecologists and stimulate lateral thinking in more experienced researchers.

Table of Contents

1. Why and how should we study animal diets?

2. Applying natural history field observations to describing animal foraging behaviour

3. Stomach content analysis

4. Faecal analysis

5. Metabarcoding to assess animal diets

6. Diet tracers in food webs: fatty acids and their carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes

7. Stable isotope analysis

8. Field experiments on foragers, food, and their interactions

9. Demystifying multivariate approaches for analysing dietary data

10. Where to from here in the study of animal diets?

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The Merck-Merial Manual for Pet Health Home Edition

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The Merck/Merial Manual for Pet Health PDF

By Cynthia M. Kahn and Scott Line

The Merck/Merial Manual for Pet Health: The complete pet health resource for your dog, cat, horse or other pets – in everyday language. It delivers animal health expertise in everyday language that all pet owners can understand. The Merck-Merial Manual for Pet Health Home Edition PDF covers the full spectrum of today’s pets, from dogs, cats and horses to birds, reptiles, fish and other exotic pets. No other book provides as much health information on as many types of animals. The one resource for a lifetime of pets.

Table of Contents

SECTION 1: DOG BASICS

Description and Physical Characteristics
Selecting and Providing a Home for a Dog
Routine Care and Breeding
Behavior

SECTION 2: DISORDERS AND DISEASES OF DOGS

Blood Disorders
Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Digestive Disorders
Hormonal Disorders
Eye Disorders
Ear Disorders
Immune Disorders
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders
Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders
Reproductive Disorders
Lung and Airway Disorders
Skin Disorders
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems

SECTION 3: CAT BASICS

Description and Physical Characteristics
Selecting and Providing a Home for a Cat
Routine Care and Breeding
Behavior

SECTION 4: DISORDERS AND DISEASES OF CATS

Blood Disorders
Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Digestive Disorders
Hormonal Disorders
Eye Disorders
Ear Disorders
Immune Disorders
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders
Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders
Reproductive Disorders
Lung and Airway Disorders
Skin Disorders
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems

SECTION 5: HORSE BASICS

Description and Physical Characteristics
Selecting and Providing a Home for a Horse
Routine Care and Breeding
Behavior

SECTION 6: DISORDERS AND DISEASES OF HORSES

Blood Disorders
Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Digestive Disorders
Hormonal Disorders
Eye Disorders
Ear Disorders
Immune Disorders
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders
Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders
Reproductive Disorders
Lung and Airway Disorders
Skin Disorders
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems

SECTION 7: BIRDS

Description and Physical Characteristics of Birds
Selecting and Providing a Home for a Pet Bird
Routine Care and Breeding
Disorders and Diseases of Birds

SECTION 8: EXOTIC PETS

Amphibians
Chinchillas
Ferrets
Fish
Gerbils
Guinea Pigs
Hamsters
Mice
Prairie Dogs
Potbellied Pigs
Rabbits
Rats
Reptiles
Sugar Gliders

SECTION 9: SPECIAL SUBJECTS

Emergencies
Diagnostic Tests and Imaging
Infections
Diseases Spread from Animals to People (Zoonoses)
Drugs and Vaccines
Poisoning
Pain Management
Travel with Pets
Health and the Human-Animal Bond
Cancer and Tumors

Glossary
Index

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The Encyclopedia of Animal Nutrition 2nd Edition

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The Encyclopedia of Animal Nutrition 2nd Edition PDF

By Clive Phillips

The Encyclopedia of Animal Nutrition PDF covers animal nutrition across a wide range of disciplines, including physiology, biochemistry, veterinary medicine and feed technology. Through approximately 3000 entries ranging from short definitions to more discursive articles, it discusses and illuminates on all aspects of this important topic.

The book:

Covers every type of animal managed in developing and developed countries, from livestock and companion animals to those commonly found in laboratories and zoos;
Includes human nutrition as well as fish species used in aquaculture, and farmed invertebrates such as honey bees and prawns, and animals of localised significance such as yaks, snakes, crocodiles, and asses;
Addresses important societal topics in relation to nutrition, including welfare, environmental pollution, disease, resource use, and animal product quality.

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Enzymes in Human and Animal Nutrition Principles and Perspectives

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Enzymes in Human and Animal Nutrition PDF

Enzymes in Human and Animal Nutrition Principles and Perspectives

By Carlos Nunes and Vikas Kumar

Enzymes in Human and Animal Nutrition PDF is a detailed reference on enzymes covering detailed information on all relevant aspects fundamental for final use of enzymes in human and animal nutrition. Topics explored include selection, engineering and expression of microbial enzymes, effects of probiotics on enzymes in the digestive tract, potential new sources of enzymes, valorization of plant biomass by food and feed enzymes. Economics and intellectual property issues are also examined.

Examines the role of enzymes in nutrition and in the production of food and animal feed so that food industry and academic researchers can understand applications of enzymes in the health of humans and animals
Begins with a thorough overview of selection, engineering and expression of microbial enzymes
Examines extremophile organisms as a potential new source of enzymes
Includes discussion of analytics, economics and intellectual property to increase applicability of the rest of the book outside of the lab

Table of Contents

1. Selection, engineering and expression of microbial enzymes
Patrícia Poeta, A A Dias, Gilberto Igrejas, Vanessa Silva, Rui Bezerra, Carlos Simões Nunes
2. Intellectual Property on selection, expression and production of enzymes
Carlos Simões Nunes

Phytases
3. General Aspects of Phytases
Vikas Kumar and Amit Kumar Sinha
4. Phytase in Animal Feed
Nicholas Romano, Vikas Kumar
5. Perspectives of phytases in nutrition, biocatalysis and soil stabilization
Michele Rigon Spier, Maitê Rodrigues, Luana Paludo, Myriam Lorena Melgarejo Navarro Cerutti

Depolymerizating Enzymes
6. Depolymerizating enzymes – cellulases
Carlos Simoes Nunes
7. Laccases – properties and applications
Carlos Simões Nunes, Adinarayana Kunamneni
8. Amylases
Shivendra Kumar, Srijit Chakravarty

NSP Enzymes
9. Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) enzymes – General Aspects
Habte-Michael Habte-Tsion, Vikas Kumar
10. Depolymerizating Enzymes in Human Food: Bakery, Dairy Products and Drinks
Parisa Fallahi, Habte-Michael Habte-Tsion, Waldemar Rossi Jr
11. Perspectives of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) enzymes in nutrition
Habte-Michael Habte-Tsion, Vikas Kumar, Waldemar Rossi Jr

Proteases
12. Proteases: General Aspects
Petra Philipps-Wiemann
13. Proteases – Human Food
Petra Philipps-Wiemann
14. Proteases – Animal Feed
Petra Philipps-Wiemann

Other Enzymes
15. Enzymes as Therapeutic Agents
Adinarayana Kunamneni, Christian Ogaugwu, Diwakar Goli
16. Enzymes as direct decontaminating agents – mycotoxins
Manjunath Manubolu, Lavanya Goodla, Kavitha Pathakoti, Kjell Malmlöf
17. Enzymatic decontamination of antimicrobials, phenols, heavy metals, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes and animal waste
Carlos Simões Nunes, Kjell Malmlöf
18. Chitinases
Carlos Simões Nunes, Petra Philipps-Wiemann

Enzymes and new or alternative food- and feedstuffs
19. Alternative and new sources of feedstuffs
Nicholas Romano
20. Tyrosinases – Physiology, Pathophysiology and Applications
Carlos Simoes Nunes, Kurt Vogel
21. Probiotics and enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract
Carlos Simoes Nunes
22. Formulation of enzymes
Carlos Simoes Nunes, Petra Philipps-Wiemann
23. Analytic of enzymes
Kurt Vogel
24. Registration of food and feed additives (enzymes) in USA, Canada and China
Carlos Simoes Nunes, Adinarayana Kunamneni, Vikas Kumar, Habte-Michael Habte-Tsion
25. Registration of food and feed additives – enzymes in the European Union
Guido Rychen, Hervé Toussaint
26. Economics of food and feed enzymes: status and perspectives
David A. Guerrand
27. General perspectives of enzymes, environment preservation and scarce natural resources – conclusions
Carlos Simoes Nunes

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Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets

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By Monica Florin-Christensen and Leonhard Schnittger

Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets PDF provides an in-depth yet concise overview of the most common and emerging protozoa that cause diseases in both farm animals and companion animals. As outlined in the concise introduction, pathogenic protozoans represent an evolutionary highly diverse and little understood group of disease-causing microorganisms. For each of the featured parasitic unicellular eukaryotes, it discusses the morphology, lifecycle, epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions. In addition, the book highlights the latest developments in diagnostic methods, as well as prevention and treatment strategies. Thorough information on genomes and genetic manipulation strategies for some of the protozoa covered in this book is also included. Infections involving parasitic protozoa can cause productivity losses and/or reduce the quality of life of infected animals. Some infections are zoonotic, posing an on-going public health threat. In most cases, prevention and treatment are either non-existent or need considerable improvement. On the other hand, a great deal of research has recently been conducted on these organisms, yielding valuable new information on their global distribution and revealing the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level – and essential insights that can be used for the development of new control tools. This book includes extensive information on both basic aspects and recent scientific discoveries on these protozoa and thus constitutes a unique resource for students, veterinarians, and researchers alike.

Parasitism And Parasitic Control In Animals: Strategies For The Developing World

Recommended Book:

Parasitism and Parasitic Control in Animals: Strategies for the Developing World [New]

Table of Contents

Introduction into Parasitic Protozoa
Cryptosporidium
Eimeria
Sarcocystis
Neospora
Toxoplasma
Besnoitia
Theileria in Ruminants
Babesia in Domestic Ruminants
Babesia of Domestic Dogs
Equine Piroplasmids
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Trichomonas
Amoebae
Genomics and Genetic Manipulation of Protozoan Parasites Affecting Farm Animals

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