Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D)

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D): Uses, Dosage and Side Effects

Overview

• DNA synthesis and function-inhibiting antibacterial antineoplastic.
• RNA and protein synthesis inhibition may also factor in the cytotoxic consequences.

Uses of Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D)

• Has been applied to some sarcomas and carcinomas and canine lymphoma rescue procedures.
• Used with caution in patients with a history of infection, hepatic dysfunction, or bone marrow depression
• Because the medication is vesicant and extravasation will cause tissue damage, it must be given through an implanted catheter.

Dose of Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D) in Dogs and Cats

Dogs:

All uses: 0.5–0.75 mg/m2 slow i.v. (over 20 min) q2–3wk.

Cats:

No information is available.

Side Effects of Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D) in Dogs and Cats

• Myelosuppression is the main dose-limiting toxicity.
• GI and hepatic toxicity may also occur.
• Can increase the risk of urate stone formation in susceptible breeds.

Contraindications of Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D) in Dogs and Cats

The P-glycoprotein pump actively transports dactinomycin, hence use with caution in breeds susceptible to the ABCB1 (MDR1) mutation (e.g. Collies, Australian Shepherds).

Some Notes:

May add to cardiotoxicity if used concurrently or sequentially with doxorubicin.