Cephalexin

Cephalexin For Dogs and Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects

Overview

• Cephalexin is one of the cephalosporins of the first generation. Binds to penicillin-binding proteins that are involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis, reducing cell wall strength and rigidity and interfering with cell division.
• Some penicillinases produced by Staphylococcus spp. are resistant to it, but it is ineffective against meticillin-resistant staphylococci.
• Works in a time-dependent manner.

Uses of Cephalexin

• Most Gram-positive and some Gram-negative organisms are susceptible (Pasteurella, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli).
• Cephalexin is considered the first drug of choice for the treatment of bacterial skin infections (superficial bacterial pyoderma in dogs, deep pyoderma)
• Resistance is common in Pseudomonas and Proteus.

Dose of Cephalexin in Dogs and Cats

Dogs:

• 15 mg/kg p.o. q8–12h.
• 10 mg/kg i.m., s.c. q24h.

Cats:

• 15 mg/kg p.o. q8–12h.
• 10 mg/kg i.m., s.c. q24h.
• Increased doses (20–30mg/kg p.o. q8–12h) should be used for superficial pyoderma and to treat severe, Gram-negative or orthopedic infections.

Side Effects of Cephalexin in Dogs and Cats

Rare in occurrence, but can be include:

• Vomiting and diarrhea are the most common.
• Administration with food may reduce these reactions.
• The injection may be painful.

Contraindications of Cephalexin in Dogs and Cats

Avoid use in animals with hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antimicrobials.

Some Notes:

• The dose and interval between doses are determined by the infection site, severity, and organism. [continue treatment for 7 days (superficial pyoderma) or 14 days (deep pyoderma) after clinical signs have resolved is commonly recommended]
• Doses may be doubled or given at more frequent intervals in severe or acute conditions.
• May be an increased risk of nephrotoxicity if cephalosporins are used with aminoglycosides, amphotericin, or loop diuretics (e.g. furosemide); monitor renal function.
• Do not mix in the same syringe as aminoglycosides.