Histologic Basis of Ocular Disease in Animals PDF.
Histologic Basis of Ocular Disease in Animals
By Bruce Grahn, Robert Peiffer, Brian Wilcock
Histologic Basis of Ocular Disease in Animals PDF is a comprehensive reference covering pathology of the eye in a spectrum of animal species, including domestic animals, fish, birds, and laboratory animals.
Offers a comprehensive resource on diseases and conditions of the eye and orbit in a wide range of species
Covers domestic animals, fish, birds, and laboratory animals
Presents more than 1200 high-quality images carefully selected to illustrate the ocular conditions covered
Emphasizes unique pathological responses where necessary
Table of Contents
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgements xv
1 Fixation and processing of ocular tissues 1
Fixatives 1
Fixation and sectioning artifacts 2
Fixation techniques 3
Trimming the fixed globe 5
Electron microscopy 13
References 14
2 General pathology of the eye 15
Adaptations characterized by changes in cell size, number, or appearance 15
Neoplasia 19
Nomenclature 23
Distinguishing benign from malignant 25
Prognostication 27
Unsuccessful adaptation: cellular degeneration, necrosis, and apoptosis 27
Calcification, pigmentation, and cystic change 30
Ocular inflammation 32
Ocular manifestations of acute inflammation 34
Chronic inflammation 39
Ocular manifestations of chronic inflammation 39
Immune privilege 41
Lymphocytic–plasmacytic endophthalmitis 42
The sequelae of intraocular inflammation and other injuries 43
Limited regenerative ability 43
Susceptibility to scarring 43
Further reading 46
3 Congenital anomalies 49
Introduction 49
Defective organogenesis 50
Defective early organogenesis 50
Anophthalmos and cystic globe 53
Anophthalmos and microphthalmos 54
Cyclopia and synophthalmos 56
Congenital anomalies of lens 56
Congenital retinal nonattachment 63
Aniridia – iridal hypoplasia or aplasia 63
Coloboma 63
Defective later organogenesis 64
Neurectodermal defects 64
Multifocal retinopathies 71
Multiple ocular anomalies (MOA) in Rocky Mountain horses 71
Anomalies of surface ectodermal origin that develop during later organogenesis 73
Congenital adnexal cysts 73
Dermoids 73
Defects of neural crest migration and mesenchymal differentiation that develop in later organogenesis 73
Congenital corneal disease 73
Congenital disorders of neurocrest and mesenchymal tissues that manifest in the uvea during later organogenesis 74
Persistent pupillary membranes (PPMs) 74
Congenital glaucoma 75
Uveal hypoplasia 78
Collie eye anomaly (CEA) and related defects 78
Persistence of embryonic vasculature 81
References 83
4 Histopathology of ocular trauma 89
Perforating and penetrating wounds of the globe and ocular tissues 89
Perforating wounds of the globe 89
Traumatic intraocular hemorrhage 89
Expulsive subchoroidal hemorrhage 90
Sequelae of intraocular hemorrhage 90
Posttraumatic inflammation 95
Phacoclastic endophthalmitis and traumatic cataract 95
Infectious endophthalmitis 95
Trauma to individual ocular tissues 95
Orbit and optic nerve 95
Cornea/sclera 95
Uvea 100
Lens 101
Vitreous and retina 101
Globe as a whole 101
Reaction to foreign materials 101
Complications of ocular surgery 102
Chemical and thermal burns 102
Effects of radiant energy 103
References 103
5 Diseases of the eyelid, conjunctiva, lacrimal, and nasolacrimal systems 105
Eyelids 105
Structural disorders 105
Dermoids 105
Hamartomas 105
Subconjunctival fat prolapse 105
Entropion, ectropion, and medial canthal pocket syndrome 105
Distichiasis, districhiasis, and ectopic cilia 106
Inflammatory disease 108
Pyogranulomatous (granulomatous) blepharitis 108
Juvenile sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (juvenile cellulitis) 110
Chalazion 110
Medial canthal erosion syndrome 111
Proliferative pox virus blepharitis in birds 111
Parasitic eyelid disorders 111
Demodicosis 111
Cnemidocoptes pilae (scaly beak) infestation of avian species 113
Eyelid tumors and neoplasms 113
Cystic apocrine hyperplasia (hidrocystomas, sudoriferous cysts, and apocrine cysts) 113
Granular cell tumor 113
Meibomian (tarsal gland) adenoma 115
Melanocytoma and melanoma 115
Histiocytoma 118
Mast cell tumor 118
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors 118
Equine sarcoid 121
Squamous cell carcinoma 122
Diseases of the conjunctiva 123
General pathology of the conjunctiva 124
Congenital conjunctival abnormalities 124
Infectious conjunctivitis 126
Herpesvirus 126
Chlamydophila (chlamydia) 126
Rickettsia rickettsi 126
Moraxella bovis 126
Parasitic conjunctivitis 126
Noninfectious inflammatory disease 127
Episclerokerataconjunctivitis 127
Lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis of cats 127
Eosinophilic conjunctivitis 128
Miscellaneous conjunctival disorders 128
Conjunctival overgrowth in rabbits (pseudopterygium) 128
