Sulfasalazine In Dogs & Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects
Overview
- Sulfasalazine is a prodrug: a diazo bond binding sulfapyridine to 5-ASA is cleaved by colonic bacteria to release free 5-ASA, which acts locally in high concentrations in the colon as an anti-inflammatory.
Uses of Sulfasalazine
- Used in the management of colitis.
- There is a significant risk of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and periodic Schirmer tear tests should be performed.
Dose of Sulfasalazine in Dogs and Cats
Dogs:
- All uses: 15–30 mg/kg p.o. q8–12h, maximum 6 g/day.
Cats:
- All uses: 10–20 mg/kg p.o. q8–12h.
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Side Effects of Sulfasalazine in Dogs and Cats
- Uncommon side effects of the medication include keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), vomiting, allergic dermatitis, and cholestatic jaundice.
- Owners should be informed about the seriousness of KCS and be aware of the signs to monitor.
- The cause of KCS is not clear, historically attributed to sulfapyridine.
- Olsalazine is recommended due to a lower incidence of KCS with its use, though not entirely eliminated.
- There is a possibility that 5-ASA may sometimes be responsible for KCS.
Contraindications of Sulfasalazine in Dogs and Cats
- Dobermanns appear to be sensitive to adverse effects associated with sulfapyridine.
Some Notes:
- The absorption of digoxin may be inhibited by sulfasalazine, and the measurement of serum folate concentration may be affected.
- Sulfasalazine may cause a reduction in serum thyroxine concentrations.
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