Apraclonidine

Apraclonidine: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects

Overview

• Topical alpha-2-selective agonist that decreases aqueous humour production by inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in the ciliary body.
• Formulations: Ophthalmic: 0.5% solution (5 ml bottle); preservative-free 1% solution (single-dose vials).

Uses of Apraclonidine

• Reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma; however, effect in dogs is inconsistent and it is unlikely to be effective as the sole agent in most forms of canine glaucoma.

• It may be most useful in alleviating pressure rises after intraocular surgery.

Dose of Apraclonidine in Dogs and Cats

Dogs:

1 drop per eye q8–12h for short-term use only.

Cats:

Do not use.

Side Effects of Apraclonidine in Dogs and Cats

• Causes blanching of conjunctival vessels and bradycardia in dogs and cats.
• Causes mydriasis in dogs, miosis and severe vomiting in cats.

Contraindications of Apraclonidine in Dogs and Cats

• Commercial preparations are considered too toxic for use in cats.
• Do not use in dogs with uncontrolled cardiac disease.

Some Notes:

• It is prudent to monitor heart rate before and after topical application of apraclonidine, particularly with initial use and in small dogs.
• To limit systemic absorption, raise head and compress lower nasolacrimal punctum for every topical administration.