Timolol Maleate

Timolol Maleate In Dogs & Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects

Overview

• A topical non-selective beta-blocker that decreases aqueous humour production via beta-adrenoreceptor blockade in the ciliary body.

Uses of Timolol maleate

• Management of canine and feline glaucoma.

Dose of Timolol maleate in Dogs and Cats

Dogs: One drop per affected eye q8–12h.
Cats: One drop per affected eye q12h.

Side Effects of Timolol maleate in Dogs and Cats

• Ocular adverse effects include miosis, conjunctival hyperaemia and local irritation.
• Systemic absorption may occur following topical application causing bradycardia and
  reduced blood pressure.

Contraindications of Timolol maleate in Dogs and Cats

• Avoid in uncontrolled heart failure and asthma.

Some Notes:

• Can be used alone or in combination with other topical glaucoma drugs, like a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
• Dorzolamide/timolol or brinzolamide/timolol combinations are effective in controlling most types of glaucoma in dogs; the combination might be more effective than either drug alone.
• In cats, dorzolamide alone achieves maximal intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction efficiency.
• Timolol induces miosis and might not be preferred in conditions like uveitis, anterior lens luxation, or pupil block.
• Additive adverse effects may develop if given concurrently with oral beta-blockers.
• Prolonged AV conduction times may result if used with calcium antagonists or digoxin.