Phylogenetics of Bees

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Phylogenetics of Bees

By Rustem Abuzarovich Ilyasov, Hyung Wook Kwon

Phylogenetics of Bees PDF Book. Bees are flying insects of the order Hymenoptera closely related to wasps and ants. The ancestors of bees are assumed to be predatory wasps, which switched to pollen consumption. Further, bees co-evolved with flowering plants and divided into several species according to climatic conditions. Widely known bees are western bees Apis mellifera, and eastern bees Apis cerana. This book sheds light on features of evolution, phylogenesis, speciation, adaptation to environment, and taxonomy of bees. It will be of particular relevance to evolutionists, geneticists, taxonomists, ecologists, population geneticist, and breeders.

Table of Contents

The origin and evolution of the colony in Apidae

Phylogenies of Asian honey bees

The origin of the European bees and their intraspecific biodiversity

The classic taxonomy of Asian and European honey bees

Genetic diversity of honey bee Apis mellifera in Siberia

Current drivers of taxonomic biodiversity loss in Asian and European bees

The loss of taxonomic biodiversity of honey bees Apis mellifera and main breeds in Russia

Breeding better and healthy honey bees is the only way to save a native biodiversity

Honey bees in Latin America

The history of honey bees in North America

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Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 12th Edition

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Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 12th Edition

By James Cappuccino , Chad Welsh

Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual 12th Edition PDF gives students the flexibility to take only what they need to class and add their own notes—all at an affordable price.

For courses in Microbiology Lab and Nursing and Allied Health Microbiology Lab.

Foundations in microbiology lab work with a clinical and critical-thinking emphasis

Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 12th Edition provides students with a solid underpinning of microbiology laboratory work while putting increased focus on clinical applications and critical-thinking skills, as required by today’s instructors. The text is clear, comprehensive, and versatile, easily adapted to virtually any microbiology lab course and easily paired with any undergraduate microbiology text.

The 12th Edition has been extensively updated to enhance the student experience and meet instructor requirements in a shifting learning environment. Updates and additions include clinical case studies, equipment and material checklists, new experiments, governing body guidelines, and more.

Table of Contents

Part 1 Basic Laboratory Techniques for Isolation, Cultivation, and Cultural

Experiment 1: Effectiveness of Hand Washing

Experiment 2: Culture Transfer Techniques

Experiment 3: Techniques for Isolation of Pure Cultures

Experiment 4: Cultural Characteristics of Microorganisms

Part 2 Microscopy

Experiment 5: Microscopic Examination of Stained Cell Preparations

Experiment 6:Microscopic Examination of Living Microorganisms Using a Hanging-Drop Preparation or a Wet Mount

Part 3 Bacterial Staining

Experiment 7: Preparation of Bacterial Smears

Experiment 8: Simple Staining

Experiment 9: Negative Staining

Experiment 10:Gram Stain

Experiment 11: Acid-Fast Stain

Experiment 12: Differential Staining for Visualization of Bacterial Cell Structures

Part 4 Cultivation of Microorganisms: Nutritional and Physical Requirements, and Enumeration of Microbial Populations

Experiment 13:Nutritional Requirements: Media for the Routine Cultivation of Bacteria

Experiment 14: Use of Differential, Selective, and Enriched Media

Experiment 15: Physical Factors: Temperature

Experiment 16: Physical Factors: pH of the Extracellular Environment

Experiment 17: Physical Factors: Atmospheric Oxygen Requirements

Experiment 18: Techniques for the Cultivation of Anaerobic Microorganisms

Experiment 19: Serial Dilution–Agar Plate Procedure to Quantitate Viable Cells

Experiment 20: The Bacterial Growth Curve

Part 5 Biochemical Activities of Microorganisms

Experiment 21: Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Microorganisms

Experiment 22: Carbohydrate Fermentation

Experiment 23: Triple Sugar–Iron Agar Test

Experiment 24: IMViC Test

Experiment 25: Hydrogen Sulfide Test

Experiment 26: Urease Test

Experiment 27: Litmus–Milk Reactions

Experiment 28: Nitrate Reduction Test

Experiment 29: Catalase Test

Experiment 30: Oxidase Test

Experiment 31: Utilization of Amino Acids

Experiment 32: Genus Identification of Unknown Bacterial Cultures

Part 6 The Protozoa

Experiment 33: Free-Living Protozoa

Experiment 34: Parasitic Protozoa

Part 7 The Fungi

Experiment 35: Cultivation and Morphology of Molds

Experiment 36: Isolation of a Soil Fungal Species

Experiment 37:Morphology, Cultural Characteristics and Reproduction

Part 8 The Viruses

Experiment 38: Cultivation and Enumeration of Bacteriophages

Experiment 39: Isolation of Coliphages from Raw Sewage

Experiment 40: Propagation of Isolated Bacteriophage Cultures

Part 9 Physical and Chemical Agents for the Control of Microbial Growth

Experiment 41: Physical Agents of Control: Moist Heat

Experiment 42: Chemical Agents of Control: Chemotherapeutic Agents

Experiment 43: Determination of Penicillin Activity in the Presence and Absence of Penicillinase

Experiment 44: Chemical Agents of Control: Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Part 10 Microbiology of Food

Experiment 45: Microbiological Analysis of Food Products: Bacterial Count

Experiment 46: Isolation of Salmonella from Raw Meat

Experiment 47: Microbial Fermentation

PART 11 Microbiology of Water

Experiment 48: Standard Qualitative Analysis of Water

Experiment 49: Quantitative Analysis of Water: Membrane Filter Method

PART 12 Microbiology of Soil

Experiment 50: Microbial Populations in Soil: Enumeration

Experiment 51: Isolation of Antibiotic-Producing Microorganisms and Determination of Antimicrobial Spectrum of Isolates

Experiment 52: Isolation of Pseudomonas Species by Means of the Enrichment Culture Technique

PART 13 Bacterial Genetics

Experiment 53: Enzyme Induction

Experiment 54: Bacterial Conjugation

Experiment 55: Isolation of a Streptomycin-Resistant Mutant

Experiment 56: The Ames Test: A Bacterial Test System for Chemical Carcinogenicity

Experiment 57: Utilization of Bacterial Plasmids

Experiment 58: Restriction Analysis and Electrophoretic Separation of Bacteriophage Lambda DNA

PART 14 Medical Microbiology

Experiment 59: Microbial Flora of the Mouth: Determination of Susceptibility to Dental Caries

Experiment 60: Normal Microbial Flora of the Throat and Skin

Experiment 61: Identification of Human Staphylococcal Pathogens

Experiment 62: Identification of Human Streptococcal Pathogens

Experiment 63: Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Experiment 64: Identification of Enteric Microorganisms Using Computer-Assisted Multitest Microsystems

Experiment 65: Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Campylobacter

Experiment 66: Microbiological Analysis of Urine Specimens

Experiment 67: Microbiological Analysis of Blood Specimens

Experiment 68: Species Identification of Unknown Bacterial Cultures

PART 15 Immunology

Experiment 69: Precipitin Reaction: The Ring Test

Experiment 70: Agglutination Reaction: The Febrile Antibody Test

Experiment 71: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Experiment 72: Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Rapid Immunodiagnostic Procedures

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Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals

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Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals

By Philip C. Withers, Christine E. Cooper, Shane K. Maloney, Francisco Bozinovic, Ariovaldo P. Cruz Neto

Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals PDF. Mammals are the so-called “pinnacle” group of vertebrates, successfully colonising virtually all terrestrial environments as well as the air (bats) and sea (especially pinnipeds and cetaceans). How mammals function and survive in these diverse environments has long fascinated mammologists, comparative physiologists and ecologists.

Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Mammals explores the physiological mechanisms and evolutionary necessities that have made the spectacular adaptation of mammals possible. It summarises our current knowledge of the complex and sophisticated physiological approaches that mammals have for survival in a wide variety of ecological and environmental contexts: terrestrial, aerial, and aquatic. The authors have a strong comparative and quantitative focus in their broad approach to exploring
mammal ecophysiology. As with other books in the Ecological and Environmental Physiology Series, the emphasis is on the unique physiological characteristics of mammals, their adaptations to extreme environments, and current experimental techniques and future research directions are also considered.

This accessible text is suitable for graduate level students and researchers in the fields of mammalian comparative physiology and physiological ecology, including specialist courses in mammal ecology. It will also be of value and use to the many professional mammologists requiring a concise overview of the topic.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction to Mammals

2 General Physiological Principles

3 Physiological Characteristics of Mammals

4 Physiological Adaptations to Extreme Environments

5 Concepts, Approaches, Techniques, and Applications

6 Conclusions and Future Directions

Appendix

References

Index

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Climate, Ticks and Disease

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Climate, Ticks and Disease

By Pat Nuttall

Climate, Ticks and Disease PDF book brings together expert opinions from scientists to consider the evidence for climate change and its impacts on ticks and tick-borne infections, and provide predictions for the future. It considers what is meant by “climate change,” how relevant climate models are to ecosystems, and predictions for changes in climate at global, regional, and local scales relevant for ticks and tick-borne infections. It examines changes to tick distribution and the evidence that climate change is responsible. The effect of climate on the physiology and metabolism of ticks, including potentially critical impacts on the tick microbiome is stressed. Given that the notoriety of ticks derives from pathogens they transmit, do changes in climate affect vector capacity? Ticks transmit a remarkable range of micro- and macro-parasites many of which are pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. The intimacy between tick-borne agent and tick vector means that any impacts of climate on a tick vector will impact tick-borne pathogens. Most obviously, such impacts will be apparent as changes in disease incidence and prevalence. The evidence that climate change is affecting diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens is considered, along with the potential to make robust predictions of future events.

Table of Contents

Section 1: Climate
Section 1.1: Climate and the tick ecosystem
eo1: Future climate of Africa
eo2: Vegetation-climate interactions: into the tick zone
Section 1.2: Modelling climate change impacts
eo3: Climate change and Lyme disease
eo4: How to Model the Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases?
eo5: Challenges of Modelling and Projecting Tick Distributions
eo6: Considerations for predicting climate change implications on future spatial distribution ranges of ticks
Section 1.3 Synopsis: Climate
Section 2: Ticks
Section 2.1: Climate impacts on tick physiology
eo7: Can the impact of climate change on the tick microbiome bring a new epidemiological landscape to tick-borne diseases?
eo8: Climate influence on tick neurobiology
eo9: The impact of climate change on tick host-seeking behaviour
eo10: Expected transitions in ticks and their heritable endosymbionts under environmental changes
eo11: Drought and tick dynamics during climate change
eo12: Climate influences on reproduction and immunity in the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata
eo13: Climate change and ticks: measuring impacts
Section 2.2: Climate impacts on tick populations
eo14: Scandinavia and ticks in a changing climate
eo15: Birds, ticks and climate change
eo16: How tick vectors are coping with global warming
eo17: Possible direct and human-mediated impact of climate change on tick populations in Turkey
eo18: Climate change alone cannot explain altered tick distribution across Europe: a spotlight on endemic and invasive tick species
eo19: Climate and management effects on tick–game animal dynamics
eo20: Climate-driven livestock management shifts and tick populations
eo21: Potential impacts of climate change on medically important tick species in North America
Section 2.3: Climate impacts on tick species
eo22: Climate change and tick evolution: lessons from the past
Chapter 23: Amblyomma ticks and future climates
Chapter 24: Climate impacts on Dermacentor reticulatus tick population dynamics and range
Chapter 25: Changes expected in Ixodes ricinus temporal and spatial distribution in Europe
Chapter 26: Range expansion of Ixodes scapularis in the USA
Chapter 27: Distribution, seasonal occurrence, and biological characteristics of Haemaphysalis longicornis, a vector of bovine piroplasmosis in Japan
Chapter 28: Climate and vector potential of medically important North American ticks
Chapter 29: The impact of climate change on the biology of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus: current knowledge and gaps to be filled
Section 2.4: Climate impacts on vector capacity
Chapter 30: Climate impacts on the vector capacity of tropical and temperate populations of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato
Chapter 31: Argasidae: distribution and vectorial capacity in a changing global environment
Chapter 32: Effects of climate change on babesiosis vectors
Section 2.5: Synopsis: Ticks
Section 3: Disease
Section 3.1: Vector–host–pathogen triangle
Chapter 33: Conflict and cooperation in tick–host–pathogen interactions contribute to increased tick fitness and survival
Chapter 34: Climate, ticks, and pathogens: gaps and caveats
Chapter 35: Climate and prediction of tick-borne diseases facing the complexity of the pathogen–tick–host triad at northern latitudes
Chapter 36: Is the clock ‘ticking’ for climate change?
Chapter 37: Climate instability and emerging tick-borne disease
Chapter 38: Co-infections of ticks
Chapter 39: Impact of climate change on co-feeding transmission
Chapter 40: Human behaviour trumps entomological risk
Chapter 41: It’s all in the timing: effect of tick phenology on pathogen transmission dynamics
Chapter 42: Anaplasma species’ novel tick–host–pathogen relationships and effects of climate change
Chapter 43: Zoonotic potential in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia
Chapter 44: Tick vectors, tick-borne diseases and climate change
Chapter 45: Climate and other global factors at the zoonotic interface in America: influence on diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens
Chapter 46: Microclimatic conditions and RNA viruses in ticks
Section 3.2: Vector-borne infections of humans
Chapter 47: Climate, ticks and tick-borne encephalitis in Central Europe
Chapter 48: Tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever infections
Chapter 49: Climate impact on Lyme borreliosis and its causative agents
Chapter 50: Climate change and tick-borne encephalitis in the Greater Alpine Region
Chapter 51: The expansion of Japanese spotted fever and the complex group of spotted fever group rickettsia in Japan
Chapter 52: Spatiotemporal and demographic patterns of transmission of Kyasanur Forest Disease virus in India
Chapter 53: Argasid ticks, relapsing fever and a changing climate
Chapter 54: The potential effects of climate change on Lyme borreliosis in East-Central Europe
Chapter 55: Epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China
Chapter 56: Climate change and debilitating symptom complexes attributed to ticks in Australia
Chapter 57: Effect of climate change on mosquito-borne pathogens
Section 3.3: Vector-borne infections of domesticated animals
Chapter 58: Ornithodoros tick vectors and African swine fever virus
Chapter 59: Tick-borne diseases of livestock in the UK
Chapter 60: Impact of climate change on tick-borne diseases of livestock in Pakistan – looking ahead
Chapter 61: The emergence of tick-borne diseases in domestic animals in Australia
Section 3.4: Vector-borne infections in different regions
Chapter 62: Tick-borne infections in Central Europe
Chapter 63: Impact of climate change on ticks and tick-borne infections in Russia
Chapter 64: Is climate change affecting ticks and tick-borne diseases in Taiwan?
Chapter 65: Ticks and tick-borne pathogens in the Caribbean region in the context of climate change
Chapter 66: The strange case of tick-borne viruses in Turkey
Chapter 67: Melting, melting pot – climate change and its impact on ticks and tick-borne pathogens in the Arctic
Chapter 68: Ticks and tick-borne diseases in the Middle East
Chapter 69: The emergence of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the United States
Chapter 70: Role of climate and other factors in determining the dynamics of tick and tick-transmitted pathogen populations and distribution in western, central, and eastern Africa
Chapter 71: Tick-borne pathogens in China
Chapter 72: Tick-borne rickettsioses in Africa
Chapter 73: Climate and the emergence of tick-borne disease in Canada
Chapter 74: Climate change impacts on Ixodes ricinus in Scotland and implications for Lyme disease risk
Chapter 75: Possible impact of climate and environmental change on ticks and tick-borne disease in England
Chapter 76: Climate change, ticks and tick-borne pathogens in northern Europe
Chapter 77: Tick and tick-borne disease circulation in a changing marine ecosystem
Section 3.5: Synopsis: Disease
Section 4: Final synopsis and future predictions

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Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development 2nd Edition

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Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development 2nd Edition

By Benjamin E. Blass

Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development 2nd Edition PDF presents the multifaceted process of identifying a new drug in the modern era, which requires a multidisciplinary team approach with input from medicinal chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, drug metabolism experts, toxicologists, clinicians, and a host of experts from numerous additional fields. Enabling technologies such as high throughput screening, structure-based drug design, molecular modeling, pharmaceutical profiling, and translational medicine are critical to the successful development of marketable therapeutics.

Given the wide range of disciplines and techniques that are required for cutting edge drug discovery and development, a scientist must master their own fields as well as have a fundamental understanding of their collaborator’s fields. This book bridges the knowledge gaps that invariably lead to communication issues in a new scientist’s early career, providing a fundamental understanding of the various techniques and disciplines required for the multifaceted endeavor of drug research and development. It provides students, new industrial scientists, and academics with a basic understanding of the drug discovery and development process. The fully updated text provides an excellent overview of the process and includes chapters on important drug targets by class, in vitro screening methods, medicinal chemistry strategies in drug design, principles of in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, animal models of disease states, clinical trial basics, and selected business aspects of the drug discovery process.

Provides a clear explanation of how the pharmaceutical industry works, as well as the complete drug discovery and development process, from obtaining a lead, to testing the bioactivity, to producing the drug, and protecting the intellectual property
Includes a new chapter on the discovery and development of biologics (antibodies proteins, antibody/receptor complexes, antibody drug conjugates), a growing and important area of the pharmaceutical industry landscape
Features a new section on formulations, including a discussion of IV formulations suitable for human clinical trials, as well as the application of nanotechnology and the use of transdermal patch technology for drug delivery
Updated chapter with new case studies includes additional modern examples of drug discovery through high through-put screening, fragment-based drug design, and computational chemistry

Table of Contents

1. Drug Discovery and Development: An Overview of Modern Methods and Principles
2. The Drug Discovery Process: From Ancient Times to the Present Day
3. Classical Targets in Drug Discovery
4. In Vitro Screening Systems
5. Medicinal Chemistry
6. In vitro ADME and In vivo Pharmacokinetics
7. Animal Models of Disease States
8. Safety and Toxicology
9. Antibody Drug Discovery
10. Basics of Clinical Trials
11. Translational Medicine and Biomarkers
12. Organizational Considerations and Trends in the Pharmaceutical Industry
13. Intellectual Property and Patents in Drug Discovery
14. Case Studies in Drug Discovery

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Animal Coronaviruses, 2nd Edition

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Animal Coronaviruses, 2nd Edition

By Leyi Wang

Animal Coronaviruses, 2nd Edition PDF provides diagnosticians and researchers with practical methodologies and approaches to tackle animal coronaviruses. It explores conventional immunohistochemistry, virus neutralization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, expression and purification of recombinant viral proteins, and various molecular assays, including conventional and real-time reverse transcription-PCR, reverse genetics methodology, and next generation sequencing and sequence analyses. As part of the Springer Protocols Handbooks series, chapters contain readily reproducible laboratory protocols as well as expert tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Practical and authoritative, Animal Coronaviruses serves as an ideal reference for researchers examining a wide variety of coronavirus species in the Coronaviridae.

Table of Contents

Preface
Contributors
PART1 REVIEWS
1 Animal Coronaviruses

2 Feline Coronavirus: Insights into the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis and Chengming Wang

3 Animal Models for Studying COVID-19 Pathology and Infection

4 Isolation of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Clinical Samples

5 Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Using Suspension Vero Cells

6 Isolation and Propagation of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Cell Culture and Embryonated Chicken Eggs

7 Isolation and Propagation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Avian Coronavirus) in Chicken Embryonated Eggs

8 Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for Simultaneous Detection of Bovine Coronavirus and Other Pathogens

9 TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

10 Real-Time RT-PCR for Detection of Feline Coronavirus

11 SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time RT-PCR Assay in Animals.

12 Real-Time PCR and Antigen-Capture ELISA for the Diagnosis

PART IV SEROLOGY
13 Identification of a Neutralizing Epitope-Containing Segment in Turkey Coronavirus Spike Protein for Diagnostic Serology

14 Antibody-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Protective Antibodies to Turkey Coronavirus Based on Recombinant Spike Protein Segment with Neutralizing Epitope
15 ELISA, Virus Neutralization, and Immunofluorescence Assays for
Detection of Antibodies Against Porcine Deltacoronavirus.

16 Luminescent Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) Development for the bSpecific Detection of PDCoV and SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

17 Construction of a Mouse-Feline Chimeric Neutralizing Antibode Against SARS-CoV-2

18 Microneutralization Test of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Using Vero Cells

PARTV DISEASE-TARGETED ANIMAL SPECIES AS ANIMAL MODELS

19 Pig Bioassay to Assess Infectivity of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Detected in Various Sample Matrices

20 Diagnostic Investigation and Confirmation of Emerging Turkey
Coronaviral Enteritis

PART VI NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING AND BIOINFORMATICS

21 Whole Genome Sequencing of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
and Porcine Deltacoronavirus

22 Whole Genome Sequencing of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus
by iSeq100 Platform and MinION

23 Phylogenetic and Recombination Analysis of Animal Coronaviruses

Index

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Alligators The Illustrated Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation

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Alligators The Illustrated Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation

By Kent A. Vliet

Alligators The Illustrated Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation PDF is The ultimate guide to understanding the biology and behavior of the amazing and underappreciated American alligator.

Few scenes put the senses on edge more than a submerged alligator, only eyes and snout showing, when peering across a southern lake on a misty morning. An iconic American predator, these reptiles grow to thirteen feet or more and can live as long as humans. Alligators are complex creatures, capable of terrific attacks and yet tending to their young in the same gentle way a mother duck looks after her brood. Once extremely numerous, alligators came close to extinction in the twentieth century, but thanks to conservation efforts have since made a comeback, reclaiming their rightful place as the monarchs of the southern wetlands.

In this fascinating account, richly illustrated with more than 150 photographs from award-winning wildlife photographer Wayne Lynch, expert zoologist Kent A. Vliet introduces readers to the biology, ecology, and natural history of the American alligator. Sharing nuanced depictions of their hidden lives that will forever change the way you think of these giant reptiles, the book

• combines captivating storytelling with the most current scientific facts
• chronicles the life cycle of the alligator
• explains why the alligator’s precise anatomy and physiology make it so successful
• covers a wide range of topics, from courtship and reproduction to communication, basking, nest-building, and hunting
• reveals the alligator’s sophisticated social life in detail
• evaluates the alligator’s environmental role as a keystone species
• examines the complicated relationship between alligators and people

Table of Contents

1. A dragon among us
2. First encounters
3. Alligator adaptations
4. Where they live
5. Sun bathers
6. An alligator’s appetite
7. Meet the relatives
8. Love is in the water
9. Small beginnings
10. Long chances and long life
11. Alligator societies
12. Living with alligators
13. From slaughter to salvation
14. Alligators at sunset
15. Appendix A. species names mentioned in the text
16. Appendix B. places to see wild alligators.

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3 Roles of Veterinarian In Our Daily Life and Public Health

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Role of Veterinarian In Our Daily Life and Public Health

Role of Veterinarian In Our Daily Life and Public Health. Veterinarians are a vital part of the medical community, and their work is essential to the health and wellbeing of both animals and humans. In addition to providing care for sick or injured animals, veterinarians also play a role in disease prevention, public health, and food safety. They also often work with researchers to help advance medical knowledge and treatment options for animals.

As technology evolves, veterinarians increasingly use tools like digital imaging and telemedicine to provide care for animals remotely. As our society becomes more and more reliant on animals for companionship, service, and food production, the importance of veterinarians only continues to grow. Here in this article, we will discuss the veterinarian’s role in our daily life.

1- The Role Of Veterinarian In Our Daily Life

A veterinarian has the knowledge and expertise to diagnose medical issues in animals. They are also responsible for managing diseases, surgical procedures like spaying or neutering (castrating), vaccines against common ailments, providing nutrition therapy, and giving proper advice to owners on how to take care of their animals.

When a veterinarian takes the Oath, it becomes clear that they are ready to put their life on hold for others. They make this choice in order to provide care and protection from disease so animals can live better lives. Veterinarians have also committed themselves to responsibilities that include using science-based practices like vaccinations while working towards public health goals such as reducing animal suffering through preventative measures like education programs about proper nutrition options, public health, and advancement of medical knowledge.

A veterinarian is often the first person to be called when problems arise in an animal’s health. Their duty is just like pediatricians. For example, if your baby has a fever and you will always go to someone who knows how to take care of kids because they cannot tell what’s wrong with them. The same is the case with animals; they cannot tell what’s wrong with them. Its owners, who have to know about history and veterinarian will diagnose the problem.

Other roles of veterinarians include :

Diagnosing problems associated with animal health
Prescribing medicine to the animals
Vaccination against diseases
Treating injuries and dressing wounds
Performing surgery in different ailments
Curing fractures
Euthanizing animals
Giving advice to the animal owners about nutrition and reproduction
Performing diagnostic tests like EKG, X-ray, ultrasound, urine, blood, and feces
Providing information on how to prevent different health problems in animals

2- Role Of Veterinarians In Public Health

Veterinarians are the first responders when it comes to diseases and outbreaks. They investigate animal, zoonotic diseases, and foodborne illnesses such as influenza or rabies that can affect humans too. A veterinary doctor works with different agencies like city health departments to keep our communities safe from harmful pathogens entering our daily lives.

The best part about being a veterinarian is that they ensure food safety, keep check and balance on food processing plants, restaurants, and water supplies. A veterinarian always has a vital role in keeping us all healthy by serving both animals AND people alike.

Veterinarians work with Environment protection agencies to provide research into the effects of pesticides, industrial pollutants, and other contaminants on animals. Veterinarians working there are dedicated to studying how these toxins impact both humans’ and animals’ health. They also make rules for future regulations regarding environmental protection and keep updated knowledge about what may be harming our environment or making it more vulnerable.

Related Book: Veterinary Public Health: At A Glance

3- Veterinarian Role In Teaching And Research

A veterinarian’s career is more than just a job. It’s an adventure that starts with an animal patient and ends up teaching humans, too. They are always learning new skills through continuing education programs for practicing veterinarians as well as teaching various classes at their university or veterinary school. Veterinarians also conduct research in their respective faculties on how to provide better health care to animals and how a veterinarian can acquire new knowledge and skills.

Veterinarians are making a difference in human health by discovering new ways to diagnose and treat diseases. These veterinarians have also made many valuable contributions that help humans live healthier lives. Those veterinarians working in the pharmaceutical industries develop new medicine and supervise the production of medicine that will be used for animals and humans.

Conclusion

Veterinarians are the only professionals in the world who take care of animals and treat them. It is essential to have a veterinarian in your daily life. They can help you with any kind of animal problem, from pet care and health issues to wildlife rehabilitation. I hope this blog post help elaborate on the role of the veterinarian in daily life.

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Occupational Hazards in Veterinary Practice

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Occupational Hazards in Veterinary Practice

Occupational Hazards in Veterinary Practice. In the veterinarian’s line of work, they are at risk for many occupational hazards. The hazards of being a vet are many and varied, some more serious than others. From dealing with animals almost daily to using large amounts of medical equipment, veterinarians are always at risk. These risks can range from things like contact dermatitis or allergic reactions to animal dander and being exposed to neurotic animals like rabies dogs. But Veterinarians are doing their duties irrespective of these problems. In this blog post, we will discuss some occupational hazards that you will face being a veterinarian.

What Are The Occupational Hazards in Veterinary Practice?

Occupational environments can be considered the sum of external conditions and influences that prevail at work. These factors have an impact on one’s health, especially if they are negative ones, such as noise pollution from machinery or high temperatures in the summertime when you’re outside all day long with little shade available.

Veterinarians in their occupational environment are constantly exposed to factors that can be adverse. They may not even know what the hazards they are exposed to are. The health hazards veterinarians are exposed to are

Disease Due To Physical Agents

Radiation (X rays)

X-rays are a powerful form of radiation that can damage DNA and cause mutations, leading to cancer later in life. For this reason, X-ray machines were once only available at hospitals because they were considered carcinogenic. Carcinogens are substances that may lead directly or indirectly towards developing one or more types of cancer. If a veterinarian is continuously exposed to X-ray radiation, he is at continuous risk of getting cancer.

Injuries And Accidents

The veterinarian’s work is extremely dangerous. They are at risk for bites, scratches, and other injuries from wild animals in zoos or kennels that they may be working with daily. Many veterinarians, especially those who work with cats and dogs, are at risk for injury. Cat bites accounted for 81% of all reported injuries, while scratches caused 92% of felines, and dog bites accounted for 63 %. One in five veterinarians suffers an arm trauma due to animal interaction.

Diseases To Biological Agents

Some diseases and biological agents can be transferred from animals to humans. A vet might contact these through their work, so they need to know what they are.

Bacterial infection

Bacterial diseases that can be transferred from animals to humans include brucellosis and anthrax. Animal tuberculosis is another example, though rarer than the examples mentioned above.

Due to close contact between numerous types of livestock such as cattle, goats, or sheep with Veterinarians, there have been many cases where these bacteria were contracted by vets who came in contact with them at some point during their lives; even just touching an animal’s nose could lead one into becoming infected.

Viral infections

Rabies is a virus that’s able to be transferred from animals such as bats, dogs, and wolves. It can cause death in vets if they are not vaccinated. However, the disease rarely does since there are vaccines available for those who may come into contact with these types of vector species. Avian influenza has been on the radar lately due to its ability via infected birds droppings/feces and causes the severe infection is vets taking care of them.

Fungal infections

Ringworm is a skin disease that can be contracted from infected animals. Vets with animal allergies should also beware of this fungus as the spores are easily transferred via their hair and nails when petting an animal or handling its bedding, which could lead to infection on their body.

Ectoparasites

The ectoparasites can harm human health by leaving their mark on you directly. They feed off fluids in your skin and orifices, dwelling inside for a period of time before reproducing with other mite eggs ready to hatch into larvae that will burrow back out again when they have molted. This cycle could go on indefinitely if not treated. These parasites can suck blood and injure the person or vet in contact with.

Allergies

It’s well known that animal dander can cause allergies in humans. So, a vet is at continuous risk of these allergies at the vet clinic.

Conclusion

When you are a vet, the dangers of your job never end. If anything, that only increases as time goes on is injuries that happen more frequently. The Department of Veteran Affairs has estimated that one-third of all veterans will experience an injury in their lifetime. But irrespective of these facts, vets are still serving animals for their health and welfare.

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BSAVA Manual of Feline Practice: A Foundation Manual

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BSAVA Manual of Feline Practice: A Foundation Manual

By Andrea Harvey and Séverine Tasker

BSAVA Manual of Feline Practice: A Foundation Manual PDF provide an easily accessible source of practical advice on the management of common feline problems encountered in first-opinion practice. It begins with an introduction to important general issues in effective feline practice, including handling techniques, principles of examination and how to ensure a cat-friendly practice. Gold-standard preventive healthcare guidelines focusing on a life-stage approach and a discussion on therapeutics including antibiotic use, analgesia and anaesthesia follow. The main part of the Manual comprises problem-oriented sections that focus on the investigation and initial management of, first, emergencies and then other common presentations such as alopecia, polydipsia and seizures. The final systems-based section gives more detailed information on the management of the disorders commonly seen in general practice.

The Manual gives enough information for any vet to deal very competently with commonly seen feline problems, also providing guidance on where to go for further information if required. Where appropriate, guidelines are also given for when referral should be considered, and for situations where financial limitations may exist.

A unique feature of this Manual are the many ‘Quick Reference Guides’ (QRGs) provided throughout , which present practical techniques and treatments in easy-to-follow step-by-step guides, with clear colour photographs illustrating each step whenever possible.

The international panel of authors were carefully chosen for their practical expertise and passion in different areas of feline practice. The practical and easy-to-follow advice provided in this Manual makes it essential reading for all new graduates and first-opinion vets who see feline cases, as well as veterinary students and veterinary nurses worldwide.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface

SECTION 1: Effective feline practice

1. The cat-friendly practice
Margie Scherk

2. Preventive healthcare: a life-stage approach
Susan Little

3. Practical therapeutics
Jill E. Maddison and Jo Murrell

SECTION 2: Common presenting complaints

4. Feline emergencies

4.1 Collapse
Angie Hibbert

4.2 Dyspnoea, tachypnoea and hyperpnoea
Angie Hibbert

4.3 Hypercalcaemia
Samantha Taylor

4.4 Hypocalcaemia
Samantha Taylor

4.5 Hypoglycaemia
Samantha Taylor

4.6 Hypokalaemia
Samantha Taylor

4.7 Seizures
Laurent Garosi

4.8 Sudden-onset blindness
Natasha Mitchell

4.9 Toxins – common feline poisonings
Martha Cannon

4.10 Trauma and wound management
Geraldine Hunt

4.11 Urethral obstruction
Danièlle-Gunn Moore

5. Other common feline problems

5.1 Abdominal effusion
Myra Forster-van Hijfte

5.2 Abdominal masses
Myra Forster-van Hijfte

5.3 Alopecia
Natalie Barnard

5.4 Anaemia
Séverine Tasker

5.5 Anorexia
Samantha Taylor and Rachel Korman

5.6 Ataxia
Laurent Garosi

5.7 Azotaemia
Kathleen Tennant

5.8 Cat bite abscesses
Martha Cannon

5.9 Constipation
Albert E. Jergens

5.10 Coughing
Angie Hibbert

5.11 Dehydration
Samantha Taylor

5.12 Diarrhoea
Albert E. Jergens

5.13 Haematuria
Danièlle-Gunn Moore

5.14 Hairballs
Margie Scherk

5.15 Head shaking and/or ear scratching
Natalie Barnard

5.16 Head tilt
Laurent Garosi

5.17 Heart murmur
Kerry Simpson

5.18 Hypertension
Sarah Caney

5.19 Hyphaema
Natasha Mitchell

5.20 Inappropriate defecation
Andrea Harvey

5.21 Inappropriate urination, dysuria and pollakiuria
Samantha Taylor

5.22 Jaundice
Andrea Harvey

5.23 Lameness
Sorrel J. Langley-Hobbs

5.24 Mentation and behavioural changes
Laurent Garosi

5.25 Ocular discharge
Natasha Mitchell

5.26 Overgrooming and pruritus
Natalie Barnard

5.27 Pica
Samantha Taylor

5.28 Polyphagia
Darren Foster

5.29 Polyuria and polydipsia
Sarah Caney

5.30 Pyrexia and hyperthermia
Mike Lappin

5.31 Raised liver parameters
Kathleen Tennant

5.32 Regurgitation
Myra Forster-van Hiijfte

5.33 Skin masses, nodules and swellings
Natalie Barnard

5.34 Sneezing and nasal discharge
Richard Malik and Andrea Harvey

5.35 Vomiting
Albert E. Jergens

5.36 Weight loss
Samantha Taylor

SECTION 3: Management of common disorders

6. Managing skin disorders
Natalie Barnard

7. Dental disorders and their management
Lisa Milella

8. Management of eye disease
Natasha Mitchell

9. Management of cardiovascular disorders
Luca Ferasin

10. Management of respiratory disorders
Angie Hibbert

11. Management of gastrointestinal disorders
Albert E. Jergens

12. Management of hepatic and pancreatic disorders
Andrea Harvey

13. Management of urinary tract disorders
Samantha Taylor

14. Management of endocrine disorders
Nicki Reed

15. Management of reproduction and related disorders
Susan Little

16. Management of fractures and orthopaedic disease
Sorrel J. Langley-Hobbs

17. Management of neurological and neuromuscular disorders
Laurent Garosi

18. Management of behavioural disorders
Vicky Halls

19. Infectious diseases
Vanessa Barrs and Julia Beatty

20. Management of haematological disorders
Séverine Tasker

21. Management of commonly encountered feline cancers
Mark Goodfellow

Appendix

Suture patterns
Geraldine Hunt

Index

Quick reference guides

QRG 1.1 Calculation of energy requirements for ill cats
Marge Chandler

QRG 1.2 Handling techniques for simple procedures
Suzanne Rudd

QRG 1.3 Examining the eye
Natasha Mitchell

QRG 1.4 Examining the mouth in a conscious cat
Lisa Milella

QRG 1.5 Thoracic examination and auscultation
Kerry Simpson

QRG 1.6 Performing a neurological examination
Laurent Garosi

QRG 1.7 Blood sampling: practical tips
Martha Cannon

QRG 2.1 Calculation of energy requirements for life stages and weight management
Marge Chandler

QRG 2.2 Prepubertal neutering of kittens
David Yates

QRG 2.3 Prepubertal neutering of males: castration
David Yates

QRG 2.4 Prepubertal neutering of females: ovariohysterectomy
David Yates

QRG 2.5 Compassionate euthanasia
Martha Cannon

QRG 3.1 Giving oral medications to cats
Martha Cannon

QRG 4.1.1 Intravenous catheterization
Samantha Taylor

QRG 4.1.2 Approach to hypotension
Angie Hibbert

QRG 4.1.3 Intravenous fluid therapy
Samantha Taylor

QRG 4.1.4 Recording and interpreting an electrocardiogram
Luca Ferasin

QRG 4.2.1 Immediate management of severe dyspnoea
Angie Hibbert

QRG 4.2.2 Oxygen therapy
Angie Hibbert

QRG 4.2.3 Emergency thoracic radiography
Esther Barrett

QRG 4.2.4 Thoracocentesis
Angie Hibbert

QRG 4.2.5 Inserting a chest drain
Geraldine Hunt

QRG 4.2.6 Inserting a small-bore wire-guided chest drain
Dan Lewis

QRG 4.4.1 Treatment of hypocalcaemia
Samantha Taylor

QRG 4.5.1 Treating hypoglycaemia
Samantha Taylor

QRG 4.6.1 Treatment of hypokalaemia
Samantha Taylor

QRG 4.7.1 Emergency management of the seizuring cat
Laurent Garosi

QRG 4.10.1 Abdominal rupture and hernia management
Geraldine Hunt

QRG 4.10.2 Bladder rupture repair
Geraldine Hunt

QRG 4.11.1 Approach to hyperkalaemia
Angie Hibbert

QRG 4.11.2 Relief of urethral obstruction in a tomcat
Danièlle-Gunn Moore

QRG 4.11.3 Urinalysis
Kathleen Tennant

QRG 4.11.4 Cystocentesis
Margie Scherk

QRG 5.1.1 Abdominocentesis
Myra Forster-van Hijfte

QRG 5.3.1 Wood’s lamp examination
Natalie Barnard

QRG 5.3.2 Hair plucks
Natalie Barnard

QRG 5.3.3 Skin biopsy
Natalie Barnard

QRG 5.4.1 Making and examining a blood smear
Séverine Tasker

QRG 5.4.2 Haematological assessment
Kathleen Tennant

QRG 5.4.3 Obtaining bone marrow samples
Séverine Tasker

QRG 5.5.1 Enteral assisted nutrition
Rachel Korman

QRG 5.5.2 Placement of a naso-oesophageal feeding tube
Rachel Korman

QRG 5.5.3 Placement of an oesophagostomy feeding tube
Rachel Korman

QRG 5.10.1 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
Angie Hibbert

QRG 5.15.1 Ear flushing
Natalie Barnard

QRG 5.15.2 Ear cytology
Natalie Barnard

QRG 5.18.1 Measuring blood pressure
Sarah Caney

QRG 5.18.2 Treatment of hypertension
Sarah Caney

QRG 5.21.1 Radiographic contrast studies of the lower urinary tract
Myra Forster-van Hijfte

QRG 5.26.1 Coat brushing
Natalie Barnard

QRG 5.26.2 Skin scrapes
Natalie Barnard

QRG 5.26.3 Skin cytology
Natalie Barnard

QRG 5.33.1 Fine-needle aspiration
Kathleen Tennant

QRG 5.34.1 Evaluating the nasopharynx
Andrea Harvey and Richard Malik

QRG 5.34.2 Nasal flushing and biopsy
Andrea Harvey and Richard Malik

QRG 6.1 Dietary trial for cutaneous adverse food reaction
Natalie Barnard

QRG 7.1 Dental examination, scaling and polishing
Lisa Milella

QRG 7.2 Tooth extraction
Lisa Milella

QRG 8.1 Enucleation
Natasha Mitchell

QRG 10.1 Inhalant asthma treatment
Angie Hibbert

QRG 11.1 Gut biopsy
Geraldine Hunt

QRG 12.1 Liver biopsy
Geraldine Hunt

QRG 13.1 Increasing water intake
Samantha Taylor

QRG 13.2 Subcutaneous fluid therapy
Samantha Taylor

QRG 14.1 Intracapsular thyroidectomy with preservation of the cranial parathyroid gland
Geraldine Hunt

QRG 14.2 Ear vein sampling for blood glucose determination
Nicki Reed

QRG 15.1 Diagnosing and managing dystocia
Susan Little and Geraldine Hunt

QRG 17.1 Tail-pull injuries and tail amputation
Geraldine Hunt

QRG 20.1 Feline blood types and blood typing methods
Suzanne Rudd

QRG 20.2 Blood transfusion
Suzanne Rudd

QRG 21.1 Lymph node excision
Geraldine Hunt

QRG 21.2 Chemotherapy for lymphoma
Mark Goodfellow

QRG 21.3 Pinnectomy
Geraldine Hunt

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