1. Semiology of the stifle joint
3D drawings of the anatomical structures
Introduction
Anatomy
Bone structures
Capsuloligamentous structures
Menisci
Musculotendinous system
Clinical examination
Inspection
Palpation
Manoeuvres to detect intra-articular fluid
Manoeuvres to evaluate mobility
Arthrocentesis of the stifle joint
2. Clinical evaluation of the stifle joint and decision-making
Medical history
Clinical examination
Visual inspection
Matters and signs to be evaluated in the physical examination
Radiological examination
Therapeutic approach to soft tissue injuries
Exploratory tests of the stifle joint
Patella
Menisci and ligaments
Other structures
Algorithms for decision-making
3. Fractures of the bones related to the stifle joint
Fractures of the distal end of the femur
Aetiology of the injury
Clinical examination
Radiological examination
Treatment
Complications
Fractures of the proximal end of the tibia
Aetiopathogenesis
Clinical examination
Radiological examination
Treatment
Traumatic injuries of the patella
Contusion
Dislocation
Fracture
4. Injuries of the flexors and extensors of the stifle joint
Anatomy and biomechanics of the extensors
The quadriceps femoris muscle and its tendon of insertion
The patella
The patellar ligament and the infrapatellar fat pad
Main disorders
Rupture of the collateral ligaments
Rupture of the patellar ligament
Tearing and ossification of the tendon of origin of the long digital extensor muscle
Dislocation of the tendon of origin of the long digital extensor muscle
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Chondropathy or chondromalacia of the patella
Dislocation of the stifle joint
Fat pad abnormalities (Hoffa’s disease)
Tumours
5. Dislocation of the stifle joint and patella
Dislocation of the stifle joint
Mechanism and classification
Associated injuries
Treatment
Dislocation of the patella
Mechanism and classification
Treatment
6. Injuries of the ligaments and menisci of the stifle joint
Introduction
Biomechanics of the stifle joint
Capsule and ligaments
Menisci
Rupture of the cruciate ligaments
Biomechanics in the failure of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mechanism
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment of rupture of the cruciate ligaments
Injuries of the meniscus
Postoperative care
7. Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy using Slocum’s technique
Introduction
Basic biomechanics and history of the technique
Surgical technique
Postoperative care
8. Surgical technique for tibial tuberosity advancement
Introduction
Basic biomechanics
Preoperative plan
Surgical technique
Postoperative radiographic monitoring
Postoperative care
9. Osteochondritis dissecans and osteonecrosis
Osteochondritis dissecans
Introduction
Aetiopathogenesis and location
Diagnosis
Treatment
Osteonecrosis
Aetiopathogenesis
Epidemiology and location
Diagnosis
Treatment
10. Osteoarthritis
Introduction
Aetiopathogenesis
Basic mechanisms associated with the start of the process
Clinical implications
Pain
Limited mobility
Joint abnormalities
Treatment
Medical treatment
Surgical treatment
11. Soft tissue disease
Introduction
Intra-articular diseases
Injury in the synovial folds or plicae
Bursitis and pain in the infrapatellar fat pad
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Musculotendinous diseases
Rupture of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
Contracture of the quadriceps femoris muscle
Rupture and injury of the patellar ligament
Patellar tendinitis
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Periarticular injuries
Cranial aspect
Caudal aspect
Medial aspect
Lateral aspect
Annex. Surgical approaches
Approach to the distal portion of the femur and stifle joint through a lateral incision
Approach to the medial collateral ligament and caudomedial region of the stifle joint
Approach to the lateral collateral ligament and caudolateral region of the stifle joint
Approach to the proximal portion of the tibia through a medial incision
References
