Atlas of Radiographic Interpretation in Small Animals, 2nd Edition

CHAPTER 1: Basic Principles of Radiography

• Fundamentals of radiography
• Definition of X-rays
• X-ray production
• Parts of an X-ray machine
• X-ray interaction with matter
• Image formation
• Radiographic equipment
  • The cassette
  • Radiographic film
  • Image intensifying screens
  • Development process
  • Negatoscope or X-ray film viewers
• Digital radiography
  • Digital X-ray systems
  • Native data and image algorithms
  • DICOM format
  • Software and viewing
  • Image archiving and management
  • Technical recommendations
  • Image quality
• Radiation protection
  • International Commission on Radiological Protection
  • Legal exposure limits
  • Training for exposed workers
  • Classification of work areas
  • Staff dosimetric control
  • Systems and principles for radiation protection
• X-ray interpretation
  • Radiographic technique
  • Image identification and quality
  • Density and contrast
  • Image geometry
  • Scatter radiation
  • Patient positioning and projections
  • Technical artifacts and errors
  • Radiology reports
• Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy
  • Abdomen
  • Neck
  • Thorax
  • Appendicular skeleton (thoracic and pelvic limbs)
  • Spine
  • Head

CHAPTER 2: Abdomen

• Principles of interpretation
• Abdominal wall
• Peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneal space
  • Pneumoperitoneum, fluid, peritonitis, carcinomatosis, and masses
• Liver, spleen, and lymph nodes
• Urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder)
• Genital system (male and female)
• Stomach and intestines

CHAPTER 3: Neck and Thorax

• Neck structures
• Thoracic wall, ribs, sternum
• Pharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus
• Pleural space and mediastinum
  • Effusion, pneumothorax, and mediastinal masses
• Heart
  • Cardiac diseases (acquired and congenital)
• Lungs and pulmonary diseases

CHAPTER 4: Appendicular Skeleton

• Principles of interpretation
• Bone lesions (osteolysis and osteogenesis)
• Congenital, hereditary, and developmental abnormalities
  • Dysplasias, osteochondrosis, fractures, and tumours
• Joint disease and injuries
  • Degenerative diseases and immune-mediated disorders

CHAPTER 5: Spine

• Principles of interpretation
• Myelography
• Congenital disorders
  • Hemivertebra, block vertebra, and spina bifida
• Instability syndromes and intervertebral disc disease
• Degenerative conditions
• Infections, fractures, and tumours

CHAPTER 6: Head

• Cranial vault
  • Hydrocephalus, fractures, infections, and tumours
• Nasal cavity and sinuses
• Mandible, maxilla, and temporomandibular joint
• Teeth and periodontal diseases
• Auditory system

CHAPTER 7: Most Common Diagnostic Errors

• Abdomen: Lack of fat, underexposure, pseudomasses
• Neck and thorax: Skin folds, false cardiomegaly
• Appendicular skeleton: Incorrect positioning, sesamoid bones
• Spine: Overexposure, anatomical variations
• Head: Digital imaging artifacts and overexposure