Dedication

Contributors

Preface

About the Editors

Section 1: The Gram-Positive Cell Wall
Vincent A. Fischetti

1 The Gram-Positive Cell Wall
Manfred Rohde

2 Surface Proteins on Gram-Positive Bacteria
Vincent A. Fischetti

Section 2: The Streptococcus
Vincent A. Fischetti and Joseph J. Ferretti 

Group A Streptococci

3 Intracellular Invasion by Streptococcus pyogenes: Invasins, Host Receptors, and Relevance to Human Disease
Beinan Wang and P. Patrick Cleary

4 Capsular Polysaccharide of Group A Streptococci
Michael Wessels

5 Toxins and Superantigens of Group A Streptococci
Blake A. Shannon, John K. McCormick, and Patrick M. Schlievert

6 Genetics of Group A Streptococci
Kyu Hong Cho, Gary Port, and Michael Caparon

7 Molecular Mimicry, Autoimmunity, and Infection: The Cross-Reactive Antigens of Group A Streptococci and Their Sequelae
Madeline W. Cunningham

8 Extracellular Matrix Interactions with Gram-Positive Pathogens
Sven Hammerschmidt, Manfred Rohde, and Klaus T. Preissner

9 Streptococcus-Mediated Host Cell Signaling
Vijay Pancholi

10 Vaccine Approaches to Protect Against Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Vincent Fischetti

11 The Bacteriophages of Group A Streptococci
W. Michael McShan

12 Molecular Epidemiology, Ecology, and Evolution of Group A Streptococci
Debra E. Bessen, Pierre R. Smeesters, and Bernard W. Beall

Group B Streptococci

13 Surface Structures of Group B Streptococci Important to Human Immunity
Lawrence Paoletti and Dennis Kasper

14 Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcal Infections
Vanessa N. Raabe and Andi L. Shane

Group C and G Streptococci

15 Genetics and Pathogenicity Factors of Group C and G Streptococci
Horst Malke

16 Pathogenicity Factors in Group C and G Streptococci
Claire E. Turner, Laura Bubba, and Androulla Efstratiou

17 Infections Caused by Group C and G Streptococcus (Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Others): Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects
Gio Baracco

Streptococcus pneumoniae

18 The Cell Wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Waldemar Vollmer, Orietta Massidda, and Alexander Tomasz

19 Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharide
James Paton and Judy Morona

20  Streptococcus pneumoniae: Invasion and Inflammation
Allister J. Loughran, Carlos J. Orihuela, and Elaine I. Tuomanen

21 Phase Variation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Jing Li and Jing-Ren Zhang

22 Genetics of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Francesco Santoro, Francesco Iannelli, and Gianni Pozzi

23 Pneumococcal Vaccines
David E. Briles, James C. Paton, Reshmi Mukerji, Edward Swiatlo, and Marilyn J. Crain

Enterococci

24 Pathogenicity of Enterococci
Elizabeth M. Selleck, Daria Van Tyne, and Michael S. Gilmore

25 Enterococcal Genetics
Keith E. Weaver

Oral Streptococci

26 Biology of Oral Streptococci
J. Abranches, L. Zeng, J. K. Kajfasz, S. R. Palmer, B. Chakraborty, Z. T. Wen, V. P. Richards, L. J. Brady, and J. A. Lemos

27 The Biology of Streptococcus mutans
J. A. Lemos

28 Genetics of Sanguinis-Group Streptococci in Health and Disease
Angela Nobbs and Jens Kreth

Lactococci

29 Genetics of Lactococci
Philippe Gaudu, Yuji Yamamoto, Peter Ruhdal Jensen, Karin Hammer, Delphine Lechardeur, and Alexandra Gruss

Section 3: The Staphylococcus
Richard P. Novick

30 The Evolving Genome
Jodi Lindsay

31 Plasmids and Transposable and Integrative Elements
Neville Firth, Slade O. Jensen, Stephen M. Kwong, Ronald A. Skurray, and Joshua P. Ramsay

32 Temperate Phages of Staphylococcus aureus
Hanne Ingmer, David Gerlach, and Christine Wolz

33 Pathogenicity Islands and Their Role in Staphylococcal Biology
Richard Novick

34 Respiration and Small Colony Variants of Staphylococcus aureus
Richard Proctor

35 Noncoding RNA
Emma Desgranges, Stefano Marzi, Karen Moreau, Pascale Romby, and Isabelle Caldelari

36 The Staphylococcal Cell Wall
Rita Sobral and Alexander Tomasz

37 Staphylococcal Protein Secretion and Envelope Assembly
Olaf Schneewind and Dominique M. Missiakas

38 Surface Proteins Required for Adhesion and Invasion
Timothy J. Foster

39 Immune Evasion by Staphylococcus aureus
Nienke W. M. de Jong, Kok P. M. van Kessel, and Jos A. G. van Strijp

40 Staphylococcus aureus Secreted Toxins and Extracellular Enzymes
Victor J. Torres

41 Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence
Christian Jenul and Alexander R. Horswill

42 Virulence and Metabolism
Anthony R. Richardson

43 Staphylococcal Biofilms
Michael Otto

44 Fulminant Staphylococcal Infections
Yves Gillet, Thomas Henry, and Françios Vandenesch

45 Staphylococcus aureus Colonization of the Human Nose and Interaction with Other Microbiome Members
Claudia Laux, Andreas Peschel, and Bernhard Krismer

46 Staphylococcus aureus in Animals
Andreas F. Haag, J. Ross Fitzgerald, and José R. Penadés

47 Antibiotic Resistance and the MRSA Problem
Martin Vestergaard, Dorte Frees, and Hanne Ingmer

48 Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Implications for Vaccine Development
Richard A. Proctor

49 Nonconventional Therapeutics Against Staphylococcus aureus
Eric Skaar

Section 4: The Listeriae
Daniel A. Portnoy

50 Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes Infection
Walter F. Schlech III

51 Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Listeria monocytogenes Infection
Sarah E.F. D’Orazio

52 Regulation of Listeria monocytogenes Virulence
Jörgen Johannson and Nancy E. Freitag

53 The Cell Biology of Invasion and Intracellular Growth by Listeria monocytogenes
Javier Pizarro-Cerdá and Pascale Cossart

54 Metabolism of the Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
John-Demian Sauer, Anat A. Herskovits, and Mary X. D. O’Riordan

Section 5: Spore-Forming Pathogens
Julian I. Rood

55 The Bacillus cereus Group: Bacillus Species with Pathogenic Potential
Monika Ehling-Sculz, Theresa M. Koehler, and Didier Lereclus

56 Sporulation and Germination in Clostridial Pathogens
Aimee Shen, Adrianne N. Edwards, Mahfuzur R. Sarker, and Daniel Paredes-Sabja

57 Clostridial Genetics: Genetic Manipulation of the Pathogenic Clostridia
Sarah A. Kuehne, Julian I. Rood, and Dena Lyras

58 Genomics of the Pathogenic Clostridia
Robert J. Moore and Jake A. Lacey

59 Virulence Plasmids of the Pathogenic Clostridia
Sarah A. Revitt-Mills, Callum J. Vidor, Thomas D. Watts, Dena Lyras, Julian I. Rood, and Vicki Adams

60 Enterotoxic Clostridia: Clostridium perfringens Enteric Diseases
Archana Shrestha, Francisco A. Uzal, and Bruce A. McClane

61 Enterotoxic Clostridia: Clostridioides difficile Infections
S. Mileto, A. Das, and Dena Lyras

62 Histotoxic Clostridial Infections
Mashahiro Nagahama, Masaya Takehara, and Julian I. Rood

63 Neurotoxigenic Clostridia
Eric A. Johnson

Section 6: Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria
Miriam Braunstein

64 Mycobacteriophages
Graham F. Hatfull

65 Immunology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections
Jonathan Kevin Sia and Jyothi Rengarajan

66 Unraveling the Structure of the Mycobacterial Envelope
Mamadou Daffé and Hedia Marrakchi

67 The Dream of a Mycobacterium
Catherine Baranowski, E. Hesper Rego, and Eric J. Rubin

68 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Metabolism
Gabriel T. Mashabela1, Timothy J. de Wet, and Digby F. Warner 

69 Protein Export Into and Across the Atypical Diderm Cell Envelope of Mycobacteria
Vincent J.C. van Winden, Edith N.G. Houben, and Miriam Braunstein

70 Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Iron-Mediated Activation of dtxR and Regulation of Diphtheria Toxin Expression
Sadiya Parveen, William R. Bishai, and John R. Murphy

Index