Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO): Uses, Dosage and Side Effects

Overview

• The action mechanism is incompletely understood.
• Antioxidant activity has been demonstrated in a number of biological contexts and is believed to be responsible for anti-inflammatory properties.

Uses of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)

• Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant (e.g. doxorubicin) treatment.
• Intravesical administration for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
• Although its efficacy has not been demonstrated, it has been used to treat renal amyloidosis.
• Anecdotal evidence that can be used to treat canine calcinosis cutis.

Dose of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in Dogs and Cats

Dogs:

• Calcinosis cutis: apply 90% solution to half the affected area every other day.
• Renal amyloidosis: 80 mg/kg s.c. 3 times/week; 125–300 mg/kg p.o. q24h.
• Topical: Apply 90% solution to affected areas q8–12h.
• The total daily dose should not exceed 20 ml.
• Do not apply for longer than 14 days.

Cats:

No information is available.

Side Effects of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in Dogs and Cats

• Chronic administration of high doses of DMSO to dogs has resulted in changes in refractive index and lens opacities, which are progressively reversible upon drug discontinuation.
• Other adverse effects include local irritation and erythema resulting from the release of histamine locally.
• I.V. administration of solutions with concentrations greater than 20% may result in hemolysis and diuresis.
• Rapid resorption of calcium during the treatment of calcinosis cutis could lead to calcification of renal tissue. Monitoring serum calcium levels is advised.

Contraindications of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in Dogs and Cats

Unknown

Some Notes:

• Due to a significant increase in systemic absorption, DMSO should not be combined with other potentially toxic substances when applied to the skin.
• The combination of dexrazoxane and DMSO should likely be avoided, as DMSO may reduce the activity of dexrazoxane.
• DMSO is rapidly absorbed through the skin following administration by all routes and is distributed throughout the body.
• Metabolites of DMSO are excreted in the urine and feces.
• DMSO is also excreted through the lungs and skin, producing a characteristic
  sulphuric odor.
• Humans are given DMSO experience a garlic-like taste sensation after administration