The Skull of Quadruped and Bipedal Vertebrates: Variations, Abnormalities and Joint Pathologies forms part of the set, Comparative Anatomy and Posture of Animal and Human, and focuses on the skulls of Quaternary mammals and of Man since the acquisition of upright posture. Although the vast majority of the quadruped fossil species have a balanced postural adaptation, with no asymmetries or maxillo-mandibular dysmorphoses, the Hominine species that has acquired this readjustment of the body as well as a bipedal adaptation to the ground, will experience a series of postural imbalances starting with malocclusion in the genus Homo.
In order to arrive at this conclusion, the cranio-facial architectural biodynamics of several species of fossil and current mammals have been analyzed over three decades. In addition, hundreds of skulls of anatomically modern Hominids have been examined, highlighting their occlusal offsets, variations, anomalies and pathologies.
Part 1. The Skull of Fossil and Present-day Quadruped Vertebrates: Craniofacial Structure and Postural Balance
Proboscideans: The Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)
Equidae
Bovidae
Cervidae
Suidae
Carnivores
Lagomorphs: The Hare (Lepus capensis)
Part 2. The Skull of Fossil Bipedal Vertebrates: Craniofacial Structure and Postural Balance 8. Primates 9. Hominoids 10. From Hominoids to Hominids 11. Australopithecus 12. The Genus Homo 13. Migration and Paleogeographic Distribution of the Homininae
Part 3. The Skull of Homo sapiens in All its Diversity 14. The Craniofacial Puzzle in Motion 15. The Basics of Structural Analysis 16. Identification of Malformation 17. Ignored Pathologies
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