Spironolactone In Dogs & Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects
Overview
- Aldosterone receptor antagonist.
- Acts on the kidneys as a weak potassium-sparing diuretic.
- Prevents sodium resorption in the distal tubule.
- Works by competing with aldosterone for the mineralocorticoid receptor in the principle cells of the collecting duct.
- Acts on the myocardium and vasculature.
- Inhibits aldosterone-mediated fibrosis and remodeling.
Uses of Spironolactone
- Treatment of congestive heart failure. Licensed for use in combination with standard therapy for the treatment of CHF caused by valvular regurgitation in dogs.
- Used in the management of ascites secondary to hepatic failure (when hypokalaemia can exacerbate hepatic encephalopathy).
- Treatment of hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal tumours.
Dose of Spironolactone in Dogs and Cats
Dogs, Cats:
- 2–4 mg/kg p.o. q24h.
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Side Effects of Spironolactone in Dogs and Cats
- Possible development of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
- Discontinue use if hyperkalemia occurs.
- Reversible prostatic atrophy may occur in entire male dogs.
- Severe ulcerative facial dermatitis reported in Maine Coon cats.
- Hepatotoxicity has been reported in humans.
Contraindications of Spironolactone in Dogs and Cats
- Avoid use in animals with hypoadrenocorticism, hyperkalemia, or hyponatremia.
- Do not administer in conjunction with NSAIDs to animals with renal insufficiency.
- Avoid use during pregnancy, lactation, or in animals intended for breeding.
Some Notes:
- Potentiates the effects of thiazide and loop diuretics.
- Hyperkalemia may occur when administered with ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, ciclosporin, or potassium supplements.
- Concurrent use of spironolactone and ACE inhibitors seems safe in practice, but monitoring of renal function and serum potassium levels is recommended.
- Increased risk of nephrotoxicity if spironolactone is combined with NSAIDs.
- Spironolactone may elevate the plasma concentration of digoxin.
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