Methods in Gut Microbial Ecology for Ruminants PDF

Methods in Gut Microbial Ecology for Ruminants

Methods In Gut Microbial Ecology For Ruminantsby Harinder P.s. Makkar , Christopher S. Mcsweeney

By Harinder P.S. Makkar , Christopher S. McSweeney

Methods in Gut Microbial Ecology for Ruminants PDF. As a result of various human activities, such as an increase in human population, a decrease in arable land due to soil degradation, urbanization, industrialization, and associated increase in the demand for livestock products, dramatic changes are occurring in the global ruminant livestock sector. These changes include the size of regional livestock populations and the types of management and feeding systems under which ruminant livestock are held, and increased demand for a wider range of quality attributes from animal agriculture, not just of the products themselves but also of the methods used in their production. The livestock sector will need to respond to new challenges of increasing livestock productivity while protecting the environment and human health and conserving biodiversity and natural resources. The micro-organisms in the digestive tracts of ruminant livestock have a profound influence on the conversion of feed into end products, which can impact on the animal and the environment. As the livestock sector grows particularly in developing countries, there will be an increasing need to understand these processes for b- the management and use of both feed and other natural resources that underpin the development of sustainable feeding systems.

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Table of Contents

Foreword

Introduction

Editorial Note

Part 1. Designing in-vivo Microbial Ecology Studies

1.1. Experimental designs for rumen microbiology

Part 2. Classical Methods for Isolation, Enumeration, Cultivation and Functional Assays of Rumen Microbes

2.1. Rumen bacteria

2.2. Bacteriophages

2.3. Methanogenic archaea

2.4. Anaerobic fungi

2.5. Ciliate protozoa

Part 3. PCR-Based Methods for Analysis of Populations and Gene Expression

3.1. Nucleic acid extraction, oligonucleotide probes and PCR methods

3.2. Quantitative (real-time) PCR

Part 4. Molecular Fingerprinting Techniques for Genotypic Analysis of Pure Cultures and Microbial Communities

4.1. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

4.2. Bacteriophage populations

4.3. Anaerobic fungal populations

4.4. RAPD, RFLP, T-RFLP, AFLP, RISA

Part 5. DNA Clone Libraries of Microbial Communities

5.1. 16S/18S ribosomal DNA clone library analysis of rumen microbial diversity

Part 6. Use of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Directed Oligonucleotide Probes for Microbial Population Studies

6.1. Northern blot analysis to investigate the abundance of micro-organisms

6.2. Whole cell probing with fluorescently labelled probes for in situ analysis of microbial populations

6.3. Combined fluorescence in situ hybridization and microautoradiography (FISH-MAR)

Part 7. Genomic Analysis of Microbial Ecosystems

7.1. Metagenomic analysis of the microbiomes in ruminants and other herbivores Mark Morrison

Chapterwise Keywords

Keyword Index

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