{"id":2118,"date":"2023-09-21T23:51:29","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T20:51:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/?p=2118"},"modified":"2023-09-21T23:51:29","modified_gmt":"2023-09-21T20:51:29","slug":"morphine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/morphine\/","title":{"rendered":"Morphine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 24px; font-family: sans-serif;\"><strong>Morphine In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2232\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Morphine.jpg\" alt=\"Morphine In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects\" width=\"679\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Morphine.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Morphine-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Morphine-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Morphine-696x418.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Morphine-700x420.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 679px) 100vw, 679px\" \/><\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Analgesia is mediated by the mu-opioid receptor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Uses of Morphine<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Management of moderate to severe pain in the perioperative period.<\/li>\n<li>Morphine can be given as a constant rate infusion to provide analgesia intraoperatively and in the postoperative period.<\/li>\n<li>Incorporation into sedative and pre-anaesthetic medication protocols to provide improved sedation and analgesia.<\/li>\n<li>Preservative-free morphine can be administered into the epidural space where it will provide analgesia for up to 24 hours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-12' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/premium-memberships\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/veterinary-books-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"98\"  alt=\"Vet Books\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Dose of Morphine in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Dogs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Analgesia<\/strong><\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a dose of 0.5 mg\/kg i.v., i.m. q2h is required to produce analgesia in experimental models.<\/li>\n<li>Pain should be assessed frequently and the dose adjusted based on the requirement for analgesia.<\/li>\n<li>Continuous rate infusion: 0.15\u20130.2 mg\/kg\/h i.v.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Epidural morphine (use Duramorph as it is preservative-free)<\/strong><\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0.1\u20130.2 mg\/kg diluted with 0.26 ml\/kg of sterile saline (up to a total maximum volume of 6 ml in all dogs).<\/li>\n<li>There is a latent period of 30\u201360 minutes following epidural administration;<br \/>\nduration of action is 18\u201324 hours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cats:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Analgesia:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0.1\u20130.4 mg\/kg i.v., i.m. q3\u20134h.<\/li>\n<li>Pain should be assessed frequently and the dose adjusted based on the requirement for analgesia.<\/li>\n<li>Continuous rate infusions of morphine have not been widely evaluated in cats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Epidural morphine:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dose as for dogs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto 8px 0; text-align: left; display: block; clear: both;'>\n <html>\n  <head>\n    <style>\n    \n \n      #calculator {\n        width: 100%;\n        margin: auto;\n      }\n      \n      @media (max-width: 600px) {\n        #calculator {\n          width: 90%;\n        }\n      }\n      \n      #calculator23 {\n        display: block;\n        margin-bottom: 8px;\n        font-size: 14px;\nfont-family: sans-serif;font-weight:600;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator24{\n        width: 100%;\n        padding: 12px 20px;\n        margin: 8px 0;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        border: 2px solid #ccc;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator25 {\n        width: 100%;\n    background-color: #fabd14;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 11px 18px;\n    margin: 5px 0;\n    border: none;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 600;\n}\n      }\n      \n      #result {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n      }\n    <\/style>\n  <\/head>\n  <body>\n  \n \n\n  <h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fff7e6 solid;\" class=\"cd-section-title\"><span><strong>Drug Dosage Calculator<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n    <form id=\"calculator\">\n      <label id=\"calculator23\" for=\"weight\">Animal Weight (kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"weight\" name=\"weight\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"dose\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Dose (mg\/kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"dose\" name=\"dose\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Concentration (mg\/mL or mg\/tablet):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"concentration\" name=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <button type=\"button\" onclick=\"calculate()\" id=\"calculator25\">Calculate<\/button>\n    <\/form> \n    \n    <p style=\"\n    font-size: 13px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    background: #444;\n    padding: 5px;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    color: #fff;\n\">You Should Give: <span id=\"result\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n    \n    <script>\n      function calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration) {\n        return (weight * dose \/ concentration).toFixed(2);\n      }\n      \n      function calculate() {\n        let weight = document.getElementById(\"weight\").value;\n        let dose = document.getElementById(\"dose\").value;\n        let concentration = document.getElementById(\"concentration\").value;\n        let result = calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration);\n        document.getElementById(\"result\").innerHTML = result + \" mL or tablet \";\n      }\n    <\/script>\n  <\/body>\n<\/html>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Side Effects of Morphine in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Morphine can cause respiratory depression, although this is unlikely when used<br \/>\nat clinical doses in awake cats and dogs.<\/li>\n<li>Respiratory depression may occur when given i.v. during general anaesthesia due to increased depth of anaesthesia.<\/li>\n<li>Vomiting is common after morphine administration and it causes constriction of GI sphincters (such as the pyloric sphincter) and may cause a reduction in GI motility when given over a long period.<\/li>\n<li>Morphine crosses the placenta and may exert sedative effects in neonates born to bitches treated prior to parturition.<\/li>\n<li>Severe adverse effects can be treated with <strong>naloxone.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Contraindications of Morphine in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>No information is available.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Some Notes:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Other CNS depressants (e.g. anaesthetics, antihistamines, barbiturates, phenothiazines, tranquillizers) may cause increased CNS or respiratory depression when used<br \/>\nconcurrently with narcotic analgesics.<\/li>\n<li>The utilisation of <strong>methadone<\/strong> is recommended above morphine as the authorised substitute for administering single or repeated bolus doses to canines and felines.<\/li>\n<li>The increased accessibility of data pertaining to the pharmacological properties and administration of morphine via continuous rate infusion may provide a rationale for prioritising its utilisation above methadone in this particular mode of drug delivery.<\/li>\n<li>Morphine serves as the benchmark opioid against which all other opioids are measured.<\/li>\n<li>It offers significant pain relief and is a fundamental component of analgesic treatments following surgical procedures in human patients.<\/li>\n<li><strong>In canines<\/strong>, the medication has a brief period of efficacy and necessitates repeated administration in order to achieve desired outcomes.<\/li>\n<li>Constant rate infusions (CRIs) can also be employed as a means to address this particular constraint.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The length of action in felines<\/strong> has not been thoroughly assessed; nonetheless, it seems to have a duration of action ranging from 3 to 4 hours.<\/li>\n<li>Accumulation is a probable outcome following the administration of repeated doses over an extended period of time. This phenomenon may enable a reduction in dosage or an extension of the dosing interval. When administered intravenously at a rapid rate, morphine induces the release of histamine.<\/li>\n<li>It is recommended to dilute the drug and administer it intravenously at a gradual rate.<\/li>\n<li>Administering morphine to animals prior to surgery who are not experiencing pain often leads to vomiting.<\/li>\n<li>It is advisable to avoid using morphine in cases where vomiting is prohibited, such as in animals with elevated intraocular pressure.<\/li>\n<li>Transient excitation can potentially manifest when intravenous administration of morphine is administered.<\/li>\n<li>The utilisation of <strong>oral morphine<\/strong> in feline and canine patients is infrequent due to its high first-pass metabolism, resulting in a diminished plasma concentration after to oral administration.<\/li>\n<li>It is imperative to monitor respiratory function in anaesthetized patients who are administered morphine.<\/li>\n<li>The response to opioids exhibits variability across individual patients, thereby necessitating the assessment of pain following their delivery.<\/li>\n<li>The metabolism of morphine takes place in the liver, and those with poor liver function may experience a lengthened duration of its effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Morphine In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects Overview Analgesia is mediated by the mu-opioid receptor. Uses of Morphine Management of moderate to severe pain in the perioperative period. Morphine can be given as a constant rate infusion to provide analgesia intraoperatively and in the postoperative period. Incorporation into sedative and pre-anaesthetic medication [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2232,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analgesics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2118"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2118\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}