{"id":1811,"date":"2023-07-26T17:01:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T14:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/?p=1811"},"modified":"2023-07-26T17:01:36","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T14:01:36","slug":"lidocaine-lignocaine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/lidocaine-lignocaine\/","title":{"rendered":"Lidocaine (Lignocaine)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 24px; font-family: sans-serif;\"><strong>Lidocaine (Lignocaine) In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1887\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Lidocaine.jpg\" alt=\"Lidocaine (Lignocaine) In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects\" width=\"644\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Lidocaine.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Lidocaine-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Lidocaine-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Lidocaine-696x418.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Lidocaine-700x420.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" \/><\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Local anaesthetic activity<\/strong> <\/span>is predicated on reversible sodium channel blocking, which prevents action potential propagation along the nerve fibre.<\/li>\n<li>Sensory nerve fibres are inhibited before motor nerve fibres, allowing for<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> <strong>low-dose<\/strong> <strong>sensory blocking<\/strong>. <\/span><\/li>\n<li>Lidocaine also has <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>antiarrhythmic properties of class 1b<\/strong><\/span>, lowering the rate of ventricular firing, action potential duration, and absolute refractory period while increasing the relative refractory period.<\/li>\n<li>Lidocaine has a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>short duration of effect and a quick beginning of action<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>addition of adrenaline to lidocaine extends the duration of action by slowing systemic absorption.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Uses of Lidocaine (Lignocaine)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Provision of <strong>local or regional analgesia<\/strong> using perineural, infiltration, local i.v. or epidural techniques.<\/li>\n<li>It is generally recommended that <strong>adrenaline-free solutions<\/strong> be used for epidural administration.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intratesticular lidocaine<\/strong> has been shown to reduce haemodynamic responses to castration in dogs and cats and is recommended to provide intraoperative analgesia during castration and reduce the requirement for inhalant anaesthetic agents.<\/li>\n<li>Also used to provide <strong>systemic analgesia<\/strong> when given i.v. by continuous rate infusion.<\/li>\n<li>First-line therapy for<strong> rapid or haemodynamically<\/strong> significant ventricular arrhythmias.<\/li>\n<li>May also be effective for <strong>some supraventricular arrhythmias<\/strong>, such as bypass-mediated supraventricular tachycardia, and for cardioversion of acute-onset or vagally-mediated atrial fibrillation.<\/li>\n<li>Widely used topically to desensitize mucous membranes (such as the larynx prior to intubation).<\/li>\n<li><strong>EMLA cream<\/strong> is used to anaesthetize the skin before vascular cannulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-12' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/premium-memberships\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/veterinary-books-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"98\"  alt=\"Vet Books\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Dose of Lidocaine (Lignocaine) in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Note:<\/strong><\/span> <em>1 mg\/kg is 0.05 ml\/kg of a 2% solution.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dogs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Local anaesthesia:<\/strong> apply to the affected area with a small gauge needle to an appropriate volume.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The total dose<\/strong> that should be injected is 4 mg\/kg.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oesophagitis:<\/strong> 2 mg\/kg p.o. q4\u20136h.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Topical:<\/strong> apply a thick layer of cream to the skin and cover with a bandage for 45\u201360 min prior to venipuncture.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intraoperative analgesia given by constant rate infusion<\/strong>: 1 mg\/ kg loading dose (given slowly over 10\u201315 min) followed by 20\u201350 \u03bcg (micrograms)\/kg\/min.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Postoperatively<\/strong>, similar dose rates can be used but should be adjusted according to pain assessment and be aware of the likelihood of accumulation allowing an empirical reduction in dose rate over time.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ventricular arrhythmias:<\/strong> 2\u20138 mg\/kg i.v. in 2 mg\/kg boluses followed by a constant rate i.v. infusion of 0.025\u20130.1 mg\/kg\/min.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cats:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Local anaesthesia, topical, oesophagitis:<\/strong> doses as for dogs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid systemic lidocaine for analgesia in cats<\/strong> due to the risk of drug accumulation, toxicity and negative haemodynamic effects.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ventricular arrhythmias:<\/strong> 0.25\u20132.0 mg\/kg i.v. slowly in 0.25\u20130.5 mg\/kg boluses followed by a constant rate i.v. infusion of 0.01\u20130.04 mg\/kg\/min.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto 8px 0; text-align: left; display: block; clear: both;'>\n <html>\n  <head>\n    <style>\n    \n \n      #calculator {\n        width: 100%;\n        margin: auto;\n      }\n      \n      @media (max-width: 600px) {\n        #calculator {\n          width: 90%;\n        }\n      }\n      \n      #calculator23 {\n        display: block;\n        margin-bottom: 8px;\n        font-size: 14px;\nfont-family: sans-serif;font-weight:600;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator24{\n        width: 100%;\n        padding: 12px 20px;\n        margin: 8px 0;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        border: 2px solid #ccc;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator25 {\n        width: 100%;\n    background-color: #fabd14;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 11px 18px;\n    margin: 5px 0;\n    border: none;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 600;\n}\n      }\n      \n      #result {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n      }\n    <\/style>\n  <\/head>\n  <body>\n  \n \n\n  <h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fff7e6 solid;\" class=\"cd-section-title\"><span><strong>Drug Dosage Calculator<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n    <form id=\"calculator\">\n      <label id=\"calculator23\" for=\"weight\">Animal Weight (kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"weight\" name=\"weight\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"dose\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Dose (mg\/kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"dose\" name=\"dose\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Concentration (mg\/mL or mg\/tablet):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"concentration\" name=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <button type=\"button\" onclick=\"calculate()\" id=\"calculator25\">Calculate<\/button>\n    <\/form> \n    \n    <p style=\"\n    font-size: 13px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    background: #444;\n    padding: 5px;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    color: #fff;\n\">You Should Give: <span id=\"result\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n    \n    <script>\n      function calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration) {\n        return (weight * dose \/ concentration).toFixed(2);\n      }\n      \n      function calculate() {\n        let weight = document.getElementById(\"weight\").value;\n        let dose = document.getElementById(\"dose\").value;\n        let concentration = document.getElementById(\"concentration\").value;\n        let result = calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration);\n        document.getElementById(\"result\").innerHTML = result + \" mL or tablet \";\n      }\n    <\/script>\n  <\/body>\n<\/html>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Side Effects of Lidocaine (Lignocaine) in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Depression, seizures, muscle fasciculations, vomiting, bradycardia and hypotension.<\/li>\n<li>Seizures may be controlled with i.v. diazepam.<\/li>\n<li>Monitor the ECG carefully during therapy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cats<\/strong> tend to be more sensitive to CNS effects.<\/li>\n<li>The CFC propellant used in unlicensed aerosol preparations (e.g. Xylocaine spray) is<br \/>\nalleged to have caused laryngeal oedema in cats and should not be used to desensitize the larynx prior to intubation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Contraindications of Lidocaine (Lignocaine) in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Do not give to cats by continuous rate infusion during the perioperative period due to the negative haemodynamic effects.<\/li>\n<li>Do not give lidocaine solutions containing adrenaline i.v.<\/li>\n<li>Do not use solutions containing adrenaline for a complete ring block of an extremity because of the danger of ischaemic necrosis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Some Notes:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Cimetidine and propranolol may prolong serum lidocaine clearance if administered concurrently.<\/li>\n<li>Other antiarrhythmics may cause increased myocardial depression.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lidocaine (Lignocaine) In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects Overview Local anaesthetic activity is predicated on reversible sodium channel blocking, which prevents action potential propagation along the nerve fibre. Sensory nerve fibres are inhibited before motor nerve fibres, allowing for low-dose sensory blocking. Lidocaine also has antiarrhythmic properties of class 1b, lowering the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1887,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analgesics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1811\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}