{"id":1809,"date":"2023-07-30T16:59:14","date_gmt":"2023-07-30T13:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/?p=1809"},"modified":"2023-07-26T17:00:27","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T14:00:27","slug":"levetiracetam-s-etiracetam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/levetiracetam-s-etiracetam\/","title":{"rendered":"Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 24px; font-family: sans-serif;\"><strong>Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam) In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1883\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Levetiracetam.jpg\" alt=\"Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam) In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects\" width=\"649\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Levetiracetam.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Levetiracetam-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Levetiracetam-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Levetiracetam-696x418.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Levetiracetam-700x420.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The mechanism of anticonvulsant action is unknown but it has been shown to <strong>bind to the pre-synaptic vesicle protein SV2A within the brain, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">modulating the release of neurotransmitters<\/span>, which may protect against seizures.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Uses of Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>As an adjunctive maintenance therapy in dogs and cats for the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>management of epileptic seizures<\/strong><\/span> refractory to conventional therapy.<\/li>\n<li>Also as a<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> primary therapy where phenobarbital is contraindicated<\/span>;<\/strong> however, efficacy is significantly worse than phenobarbital in newly diagnosed epileptic dogs.<\/li>\n<li>Used at a higher dose, in addition to conventional maintenance therapy,<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong> as pulse therapy for cluster seizures. <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li>A constant intravenous infusion can be used for <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>emergency control of status epilepticus.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-12' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/premium-memberships\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/veterinary-books-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"98\"  alt=\"Vet Books\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Dose of Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam) in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Dogs, Cats:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Maintenance therapy (as adjunct or sole anticonvulsant):<\/strong><\/span> 20\u201330 mg\/kg p.o. q8\u201312h.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Pulse therapy for severe cluster seizures (in addition to maintenance therapy):<\/span><\/strong> 30 mg\/kg p.o. q6\u20138h for the duration of the cluster (usually for 2\u20133 days) and then incrementally reduced and stopped until the start of the next cluster.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Status epilepticus:<\/strong><\/span> 60 mg\/kg i.v. bolus q8h or continuous intravenous infusion of 8 mg\/kg\/h, incrementally increased to effect if required.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>The parenteral preparation<\/strong><\/span> can be given at 40 mg\/kg per rectum if oral or i.v. administration is not possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto 8px 0; text-align: left; display: block; clear: both;'>\n <html>\n  <head>\n    <style>\n    \n \n      #calculator {\n        width: 100%;\n        margin: auto;\n      }\n      \n      @media (max-width: 600px) {\n        #calculator {\n          width: 90%;\n        }\n      }\n      \n      #calculator23 {\n        display: block;\n        margin-bottom: 8px;\n        font-size: 14px;\nfont-family: sans-serif;font-weight:600;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator24{\n        width: 100%;\n        padding: 12px 20px;\n        margin: 8px 0;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        border: 2px solid #ccc;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator25 {\n        width: 100%;\n    background-color: #fabd14;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 11px 18px;\n    margin: 5px 0;\n    border: none;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 600;\n}\n      }\n      \n      #result {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n      }\n    <\/style>\n  <\/head>\n  <body>\n  \n \n\n  <h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fff7e6 solid;\" class=\"cd-section-title\"><span><strong>Drug Dosage Calculator<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n    <form id=\"calculator\">\n      <label id=\"calculator23\" for=\"weight\">Animal Weight (kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"weight\" name=\"weight\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"dose\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Dose (mg\/kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"dose\" name=\"dose\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Concentration (mg\/mL or mg\/tablet):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"concentration\" name=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <button type=\"button\" onclick=\"calculate()\" id=\"calculator25\">Calculate<\/button>\n    <\/form> \n    \n    <p style=\"\n    font-size: 13px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    background: #444;\n    padding: 5px;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    color: #fff;\n\">You Should Give: <span id=\"result\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n    \n    <script>\n      function calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration) {\n        return (weight * dose \/ concentration).toFixed(2);\n      }\n      \n      function calculate() {\n        let weight = document.getElementById(\"weight\").value;\n        let dose = document.getElementById(\"dose\").value;\n        let concentration = document.getElementById(\"concentration\").value;\n        let result = calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration);\n        document.getElementById(\"result\").innerHTML = result + \" mL or tablet \";\n      }\n    <\/script>\n  <\/body>\n<\/html>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Side Effects of Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam) in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Sedation and ataxia in dogs.<\/li>\n<li>Reduced appetite, hypersalivation and lethargy in cats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Contraindications of Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam) in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Severe renal disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Some Notes:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>There is some evidence to suggest that <strong>phenobarbital<\/strong> increases levetiracetam clearance, reducing the half-life and peak levels.<\/li>\n<li>Levetiracetam is <strong>rapidly absorbed from the GI tract<\/strong> with peak plasma concentrations reached in &lt;2 hours of oral dosing.<\/li>\n<li>Steady-state is rapidly achieved within 2 days.<\/li>\n<li>Plasma protein binding is minimal.<\/li>\n<li>The plasma half-life is around 3\u20134 hours in dogs.<\/li>\n<li>It will also reach target serum concentrations if administered rectally.<\/li>\n<li>Withdrawal of levetiracetam therapy or transition to or from another type of antiepileptic therapy should be done gradually.<\/li>\n<li>Use with caution and in reduced doses in patients with renal impairment; in humans, renal elimination of levetiracetam correlates with creatinine clearance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam) In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects Overview The mechanism of anticonvulsant action is unknown but it has been shown to bind to the pre-synaptic vesicle protein SV2A within the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters, which may protect against seizures. Uses of Levetiracetam (S-Etiracetam) As an adjunctive maintenance therapy in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1883,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1809\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}