{"id":1782,"date":"2023-07-25T23:24:51","date_gmt":"2023-07-25T20:24:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/?p=1782"},"modified":"2023-07-21T23:34:27","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T20:34:27","slug":"ketamine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/ketamine\/","title":{"rendered":"Ketamine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 24px; font-family: sans-serif;\"><strong>Ketamine In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1854 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Ketamine.jpg\" alt=\"Ketamine In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Ketamine.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Ketamine-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Ketamine-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Ketamine-696x418.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Ketamine-700x420.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It antagonises glutamate at N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the CNS.<\/li>\n<li>It interacts complexly with opioid receptors and antagonises mu receptors.<\/li>\n<li>It is exhibiting agonist activity at the delta and kappa receptors.<\/li>\n<li>It has no effect on GABA receptors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Uses of Ketamine<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Provision of <strong>chemical restraint<\/strong> or <strong>dissociative anaesthesia<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Ketamine may also provide profound <strong>visceral and somatic analgesia<\/strong> and inhibits central sensitization via NMDA receptor blockade.<\/li>\n<li>Used to provide <strong>perioperative analgesia<\/strong> as an adjunctive agent, although optimal doses for analgesia have not been determined.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-12' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/premium-memberships\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/veterinary-books-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"98\"  alt=\"Vet Books\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Dose of Ketamine in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Dogs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Perioperative analgesia<\/strong><\/span>:<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intraoperatively<\/strong>: 10 \u03bcg (micrograms)\/kg\/min.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Postoperatively<\/strong>: 2\u20135 \u03bcg\/kg\/min.<\/li>\n<li>Both are preceded by a 250\u2013500 \u03bcg\/kg loading dose.<\/li>\n<li>There is some evidence to suggest that a 10 \u03bcg\/kg\/min dose may be too low to provide<br \/>\nadequate analgesia continuously, although other evidence-based dose recommendations are lacking.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Induction of anaesthesia<\/span> (combined with diazepam or midazolam) as part of a volatile anaesthetic technique:<\/strong> 2 mg\/kg i.v.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Induction of general anaesthesia<\/strong><\/span> <strong>combined with medetomidine or dexmedetomidine to provide a total injectable combination<\/strong>: ketamine (5\u20137 mg\/kg i.m.) combined with medetomidine (40 \u03bcg\/kg i.m.) or dexmedetomidine (20 \u03bcg\/kg i.m.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cats:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>General anaesthesia:<\/strong> <\/span>combinations of ketamine (5\u20137.5 mg\/kg i.m.) combined with medetomidine (80 \u03bcg (micrograms)\/kg i.m.) or dexmedetomidine (40 \u03bcg\/kg i.m.) will provide 20\u201330 min general anaesthesia.<\/li>\n<li>Reduce the doses of both drugs when given i.v.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Perioperative analgesia:<\/strong><\/span> doses are the same as those for dogs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto 8px 0; text-align: left; display: block; clear: both;'>\n <html>\n  <head>\n    <style>\n    \n \n      #calculator {\n        width: 100%;\n        margin: auto;\n      }\n      \n      @media (max-width: 600px) {\n        #calculator {\n          width: 90%;\n        }\n      }\n      \n      #calculator23 {\n        display: block;\n        margin-bottom: 8px;\n        font-size: 14px;\nfont-family: sans-serif;font-weight:600;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator24{\n        width: 100%;\n        padding: 12px 20px;\n        margin: 8px 0;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        border: 2px solid #ccc;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator25 {\n        width: 100%;\n    background-color: #fabd14;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 11px 18px;\n    margin: 5px 0;\n    border: none;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 600;\n}\n      }\n      \n      #result {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n      }\n    <\/style>\n  <\/head>\n  <body>\n  \n \n\n  <h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fff7e6 solid;\" class=\"cd-section-title\"><span><strong>Drug Dosage Calculator<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n    <form id=\"calculator\">\n      <label id=\"calculator23\" for=\"weight\">Animal Weight (kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"weight\" name=\"weight\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"dose\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Dose (mg\/kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"dose\" name=\"dose\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Concentration (mg\/mL or mg\/tablet):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"concentration\" name=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <button type=\"button\" onclick=\"calculate()\" id=\"calculator25\">Calculate<\/button>\n    <\/form> \n    \n    <p style=\"\n    font-size: 13px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    background: #444;\n    padding: 5px;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    color: #fff;\n\">You Should Give: <span id=\"result\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n    \n    <script>\n      function calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration) {\n        return (weight * dose \/ concentration).toFixed(2);\n      }\n      \n      function calculate() {\n        let weight = document.getElementById(\"weight\").value;\n        let dose = document.getElementById(\"dose\").value;\n        let concentration = document.getElementById(\"concentration\").value;\n        let result = calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration);\n        document.getElementById(\"result\").innerHTML = result + \" mL or tablet \";\n      }\n    <\/script>\n  <\/body>\n<\/html>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Side Effects of Ketamine in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Cardiovascular depression.<\/li>\n<li>Arrhythmias may arise in animals with a high sympathetic nervous system tone.<\/li>\n<li>Tachycardias can also arise after administration of high i.v. doses.<\/li>\n<li>Respiratory depression may be marked in some animals.<\/li>\n<li>Ketamine may result in spacey, abnormal behaviour for 1\u20132 hours during recovery.<\/li>\n<li>Prolonged administration of ketamine by infusion may result in drug accumulation and<br \/>\nprolonged recovery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Contraindications of Ketamine in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Not recommended for animals whose eyes are at risk of perforation or who have raised intraocular pressure.<\/li>\n<li>Not recommended in animals with raised intracranial pressure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ketamine In Dogs &amp; Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects Overview It antagonises glutamate at N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the CNS. It interacts complexly with opioid receptors and antagonises mu receptors. It is exhibiting agonist activity at the delta and kappa receptors. It has no effect on GABA receptors. Uses of Ketamine Provision of chemical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1854,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anesthesia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1782"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1782\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}