{"id":1553,"date":"2023-05-17T11:57:35","date_gmt":"2023-05-17T09:57:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/?p=1553"},"modified":"2023-05-21T03:07:06","modified_gmt":"2023-05-21T00:07:06","slug":"furosemide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/furosemide\/","title":{"rendered":"Furosemide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 24px; font-family: sans-serif;\"><strong>Furosemide in Dogs and Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1614\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Furosemide.jpg\" alt=\"Furosemide: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects\" width=\"653\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Furosemide.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Furosemide-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Furosemide-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Furosemide-696x418.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Furosemide-700x420.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Loop diuretic<\/strong>, inhibiting the Na+\/K+\/Cl\u2013 cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.<\/li>\n<li>The net effect is a <strong>loss of sodium, potassium, chloride and water in the urine. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It also <strong>increases the excretion of calcium, magnesium and hydrogen as well as renal <\/strong><strong>blood flow and glomerular filtration rate<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Transient vasodilation may occur following i.v. administration and in some species,<br \/>\nbronchodilation may occur; the exact mechanism for both is unclear.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Uses of Furosemide<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Management of <strong>congestive heart failure<\/strong> (acute and chronic).<\/li>\n<li>The use of diuretic monotherapy for the chronic management of heart failure due to mild regurgitation or dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs is <strong>not recommended<\/strong>, as patients<br \/>\nreceiving concomitant therapy with pimobendan, ACE inhibitors (and spironolactone in dogs with mitral regurgitation) have a better clinical outcome.<\/li>\n<li>Treatment of <strong>hypercalcemia.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Promotion of <strong>diuresis in acute renal failure<\/strong> (questionable efficacy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-12' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/premium-memberships\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/veterinary-books-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"98\"  alt=\"Vet Books\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Dose of Furosemide in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Dogs, Cats:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Acute, life-threatening congestive heart failure:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1\u20132 mg\/kg i.v., i.m. q0.5\u20134h as required, based on improvement in respiratory rate and effort.<\/li>\n<li>Once clinical signs improve, increase the dosing interval to q6\u201312h, monitor urea, creatinine and electrolytes, and start oral therapy once tolerated.<\/li>\n<li>Use the lower end of the dose range for cats and monitor response.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure no pleural effusion present.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Chronic, congestive heart failure:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1\u20135 mg\/kg p.o. q6\u201312h.<\/li>\n<li>Typical maintenance doses for mild to moderate CHF are 1\u20132 mg\/kg p.o. q8\u201324h (dogs) and 1\u20132 mg\/kg p.o. q12\u201348h (cats).<\/li>\n<li>The goal is to use the lowest dose of furosemide that effectively controls clinical signs.<\/li>\n<li>Doses in excess of 12 mg\/kg\/day are unlikely to be beneficial and warrant the addition of a different class of diuretic (e.g. thiazide) or transfer to an alternative diuretic<br \/>\n(e.g. torasemide) to control refractory failure.<\/li>\n<li>In patients with ascites, the use of s.c. instead of p.o. furosemide can have a marked<br \/>\nclinical benefit due to improved bioavailability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hypercalcaemia:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hydrate before therapy.<\/li>\n<li>Give 2\u20134 mg\/kg i.v., s.c., p.o. q8\u201324h.<\/li>\n<li>Maintain hydration status and electrolyte balance with normal saline and added KCl.<\/li>\n<li>Furosemidegenerally reduces serum calcium levels by 0.5\u20131.5 mmol\/l.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Acute renal failure\/oliguria:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Replace fluid deficit and subsequently closely monitor fluid input and output.<\/li>\n<li>Give furosemide at 2 mg\/kg i.v.<\/li>\n<li>If no diuresis within 1 hour, repeat the dose at 2\u20134 mg\/kg i.v.<\/li>\n<li>If no response within 1 hour give another dose at 2\u20134 mg\/kg i.v. Alternatively, a bolus dose with 1\u20132 mg\/kg i.v. followed by constant rate infusion at 0.1\u20132 mg\/kg\/h.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class='code-block code-block-2' style='margin: 8px auto 8px 0; text-align: left; display: block; clear: both;'>\n <html>\n  <head>\n    <style>\n    \n \n      #calculator {\n        width: 100%;\n        margin: auto;\n      }\n      \n      @media (max-width: 600px) {\n        #calculator {\n          width: 90%;\n        }\n      }\n      \n      #calculator23 {\n        display: block;\n        margin-bottom: 8px;\n        font-size: 14px;\nfont-family: sans-serif;font-weight:600;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator24{\n        width: 100%;\n        padding: 12px 20px;\n        margin: 8px 0;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n        border: 2px solid #ccc;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n      }\n      \n      #calculator25 {\n        width: 100%;\n    background-color: #fabd14;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 11px 18px;\n    margin: 5px 0;\n    border: none;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 600;\n}\n      }\n      \n      #result {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n      }\n    <\/style>\n  <\/head>\n  <body>\n  \n \n\n  <h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fff7e6 solid;\" class=\"cd-section-title\"><span><strong>Drug Dosage Calculator<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n    <form id=\"calculator\">\n      <label id=\"calculator23\" for=\"weight\">Animal Weight (kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"weight\" name=\"weight\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"dose\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Dose (mg\/kg):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"dose\" name=\"dose\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <label for=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator23\">Drug Concentration (mg\/mL or mg\/tablet):<\/label>\n      <input type=\"text\" id=\"concentration\" name=\"concentration\" id=\"calculator24\">\n      <button type=\"button\" onclick=\"calculate()\" id=\"calculator25\">Calculate<\/button>\n    <\/form> \n    \n    <p style=\"\n    font-size: 13px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    background: #444;\n    padding: 5px;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    color: #fff;\n\">You Should Give: <span id=\"result\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n    \n    <script>\n      function calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration) {\n        return (weight * dose \/ concentration).toFixed(2);\n      }\n      \n      function calculate() {\n        let weight = document.getElementById(\"weight\").value;\n        let dose = document.getElementById(\"dose\").value;\n        let concentration = document.getElementById(\"concentration\").value;\n        let result = calculateDose(weight, dose, concentration);\n        document.getElementById(\"result\").innerHTML = result + \" mL or tablet \";\n      }\n    <\/script>\n  <\/body>\n<\/html>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Side Effects of Furosemide in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and hyponatraemia; dehydration, polyuria\/polydipsia and prerenal azotaemia occur readily.<\/li>\n<li>A marked reduction in cardiac output can occur in animals with severe pulmonary<br \/>\ndisease, low-output heart failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pericardial or myocardial disorders, cardiac tamponade and severe hypertension.<\/li>\n<li>Other adverse effects include ototoxicity (especially in cats), GI disturbances, leucopenia, anaemia, weakness and restlessness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Contraindications of Furosemide in Dogs and Cats<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Dehydration and anuria.<\/li>\n<li>Do not use in pericardial effusion where cardiac tamponade is confirmed.<\/li>\n<li>Can be used post-effusion drainage to assist in the management of right-sided heart failure symptoms if necessary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom: 2px #fabd14 solid; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Some Notes:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Use with caution in patients with severe electrolyte depletion, hepatic failure and diabetes mellitus.<\/li>\n<li>Evidence for efficacy in non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is lacking.<\/li>\n<li>Nephrotoxicity\/ototoxicity associated with aminoglycosides may be potentiated when furosemide is also used.<\/li>\n<li>Furosemide may induce hypokalaemia, thereby increasing the risk of digoxin toxicity.<\/li>\n<li>Increased risk of hypokalaemia if furosemide is given with acetazolamide, corticosteroids, thiazides and theophylline.<\/li>\n<li>Concurrent administration of NSAIDs with furosemide may decrease efficacy and<br \/>\nmay predispose to nephrotoxicity, particularly in patients with poor<br \/>\nrenal perfusion.<\/li>\n<li>Furosemide may inhibit the muscle relaxation qualities of tubocurarine, but increase the effects of suxamethonium.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Furosemide in Dogs and Cats: Uses, Dosage and Side Effects Overview Loop diuretic, inhibiting the Na+\/K+\/Cl\u2013 cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The net effect is a loss of sodium, potassium, chloride and water in the urine. It also increases the excretion of calcium, magnesium and hydrogen as well as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-urology-drugs","category-cardiovascular"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1553"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1553\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vet-ebooks.com\/vetdrugslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}