Blood pressure in cats and dogs. A clinical manual

A practical and simple manual on the methods and techniques to measure blood pressure in cats and dogs, how to interpret the results obtained, and the recommended treatments. It includes a brief review of the current official recommendations of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), with clear rules and guidelines.

Table of Contents
1. Blood pressure
Introduction
Blood pressure measurement methods
Normal values
Factors influencing blood pressure
Blood pressure regulation mechanisms
Immediate regulation: rapid control mechanisms
Delayed regulation: mid‑term control mechanisms
Delayed regulation: long-term control mechanisms
2. Blood pressure measurement
Introduction
Blood pressure dynamics
Anatomical locations for measuring blood pressure
Measurements at the base of the tail
Measurements on a forelimb
Measurements on a hindlimb
Blood pressure measurement protocol for clinical practice
3. Blood pressure measurement techniques
Introduction
What other methods are available?
Doppler systems
Oscillometric systems
High-definition oscillometry (HDO)
Plethysmography and photoplethysmography
Which parameters are measured?
4. Arterial hypertension
Introduction
Values obtained
Diseases that cause hypertension in cats and dogs
Hypertension and kidney disease
Hypertension and obesity
Hypertension and endocrine disorders
Target organ damage
The central nervous system
The heart
The eyeballs
The kidneys
The blood vessels
5. Drug treatment of hypertension
Introduction
Courses of action to reduce blood pressure
Modification of cardiac output
Control over circulating volume
Vasodilation
Antihypertensive drugs
Adrenergic receptor blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs)
Endothelin receptor antagonists
Renin inhibitors
Direct vasodilators
Centrally acting antihypertensives
Catecholamine-depleting drugs
Aldosterone antagonists
6. Hypotension
Introduction
Causes of hypotension in cats and dogs
Diseases and procedures that cause hypotension
Heart failure
Diabetic coma or ketoacidosis
Hypoadrenocorticism
Hypothyroidism
Direct alterations in blood vessels
7. Drug treatment of hypotension
Introduction
Courses of action to increase blood pressure
Drugs for treating hypotension
Sympathomimetic drugs
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Other cardiac stimulants
Fluid therapy solutions
References

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Bacterial Skin Infections in Small Animals

This book describes the most common bacterial skin infections affecting cats and dogs, their clinical presentation, and aetiological agents, besides offering practical techniques and advice for their identification and management using clear images, tables, and diagrams. It also facilitates veterinary surgeons with the tools to treat resistant infections and explains the latest developments in topical and systemic treatments.

Table of Contents

01 THE SKIN MICROBIOME AND DIAGNOSIS
OF BACTERIAL SKIN INFECTIONS
The skin microbiome and skin infections
Microbiome and microbiota
Bacterial skin infections
Resident or transient bacteria
Resident bacteria
Transient bacteria
Canine atopic dermatitis and dysbiosis
Diagnosis of bacterial skin infections
Skin cytology
Collection of samples
Direct impression with a slide
Adhesive tape cytology
Tzanck technique
Nail bed cytology
Staining
Microscopic observation
02 SUPERFICIAL BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Pyotraumatic dermatitis
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
Intertrigo
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
Impetigo
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
Mucocutaneous pyoderma
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
Superficial bacterial folliculitis
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
03 DEEP BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Skin lesions
Sampling and cytological findings
Folliculitis, deep furunculosis, and cellulitis
Furunculosis
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
Abscesses
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
Cellulitis
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
Mycobacterial infections
Therapeutic management
Treatment of leproid granuloma
Treatment of feline leprosy
Actinomycosis
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
Nocardiosis
Skin lesions
Diagnostic findings
Therapeutic management
04 PSEUDOPYODERMA
Callus pyoderma
Therapeutic management
Juvenile cellulitis
Acne
Facial folliculitis and eosinophilic furunculosis
05 BACTERIOLOGICAL CULTURE AND
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
Choice of laboratory
Criteria for sampling for bacterial culture
Cytology in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections
Recurrence should not be mistaken for resistance
Materials
Transport medium for bacteriological culture
Technique
Minimum inhibitory concentration and breakpoints
Choice of antimicrobial drug
06 TOPICAL TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL
SKIN INFECTIONS
General principles of topical therapy
Antimicrobial agents and their mechanisms of action
Chlorhexidine
Miconazole
Benzoyl peroxide
Ethyl lactate
Tin fluoride
Triclosan
Mupirocin
Silver compounds
Phytosphingosine
Povidone iodine
Sodium hypochlorite
07 SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL
SKIN INFECTIONS
Selection of systemic antibiotics
Treatment duration
Owner compliance
08 MECHANISMS OF BACTERIAL
RESISTANCE
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP)
Zoonotic implications of MRSP
MRSP clonality and variants
Biofilm
Contamination and disinfection of hospital areas and medical personnel
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Atlas of Diagnostic Cytology in Small Animals

Atlases of cytology are an essential tool in small animal practice. Diagnostic cytology, which is used extensively in routine clinical practice, requires the most comprehensive cell identification possible. This is best achieved with the help of numerous images that reflect the most characteristic and distinguishing featuresof the different cytological patterns, and this book will therefore be of great use to the reader in the diagnostic process of many pathologies.

Table of Contents
1. Citology of inflammation
Identification of inflammatory cells
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Mast cells
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Definition of inflammatory pattern
Identification of microorganisms
Presence of tissue cells in an inflammatory cytology sample

2. Cytology of noninflammatory/non-neoplastic lesions
Hyperplastic processes
Degenerative processes
Degenerative processes in the liver
Degenerative processes in the joints
Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EH)

3. Cytology of mast cell tumours
Diagnostic criteria for mast cells tumours
Estimation of the degree of differentiation
Diagnostic criteria for metastatic mast cell tumours

4. Cytology of lymphoma
Diagnosis of lymphoma in lymph node cytology
Diagnostic quality of lymph node samples
Diagnosis of lymphoma
Cytological diagnosis of the type of lymphoma
Diagnosis of lymphoma in other cytological examinations

5. Cytology of histiocytic diseases
Identification of histiocytic cells
Cytological characteristics of histiocytomas
Cytological characteristics of histiocytic sarcomas
Canine reactive histiocytosis/feline progressive histiocytosis

6. Cytology of sarcomas
Cell lineage identification
Sarcoma grading
Low grade sarcoma
High grade sarcoma
Undetermined grade
Identification of the type of sarcoma
Vessel wall and nerve sheath tumours (haemangiopericytomas and schwannomas)
Myxosarcoma/synovial sarcoma
Feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS)
Liposarcoma
Muscle tumours
Osteosarcoma
Haemangiosarcoma

7. Cytology of epithelial tumours
Cell distribution
Cell morphology
Cytoplasmic vacuoles
Malignancy criteria
Specific considerations regarding certain epithelial tumours
Canine mammary tumours (CMT)
Basal cell tumours
Hepatocellular carcinomas
Difference between reactive mesothelial cells, mesothelioma and carcinomatosis

8. Cytology of melanoma
Cytological assessment of melanotic melanomas
Cytological assessment of amelanotic melanomas
Cytological considerations for metastatic melanomas

References

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Small Animal Orthopaedics. The Hindlimb

This book describes, with the help of high-quality images, the different surgical techniques used to treat the main orthopaedic conditions affecting the hindlimbs in cats and dogs. Drawing from their experience, the authors provide practical information on how to plan and perform these surgical procedures and how to manage patients postoperatively.

Table of Contents

THE HIP
Introduction
Standard approach to the hip joint
Hip luxation
Closed reduction
Introduction
Indications
Surgical planning
Technique
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Hip toggle
Introduction
Indications
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Iliofemoral suture
Introduction
Indications
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Transarticular pin
Introduction
Indications
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Hip dysplasia
Femoral head and neck excision
Introduction
Indications
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease
THE STIFLE
Patellar luxation
Introduction
Indications for surgery
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Trochlear groove deepening procedures
Trochlear chondroplasty
Tibial tuberosity transposition
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Cranial cruciate ligament disease
Introduction
Cranial cruciate ligament: anatomy and function
Clinical history, physical examination and diagnosis
Surgical and nonsurgical management
Extracapsular repair for management of cranial cruciate ligament
disease
Introduction
Indications
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Tibial tuberosity advancement
Introduction
Indications
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Complications and long-term outcome
Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy
Introduction
Indications
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Cranial closing wedge osteotomy
Introduction
Surgical planning
Surgical technique
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Meniscal pathology and treatment
Introduction
Diagnosis of meniscal injuries
Surgical techniques
Meniscal inspection: medial and lateral arthrotomy
Medial meniscal release
Meniscal surgery
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
THE TARSUS
Introduction
Common calcaneal tendon mechanism and injury
repair
Introduction
Indications for surgery
Surgical planning
Surgical techniques
Chronic common calcaneal tendon mechanism injury
Acute injuries of the common calcaneal tendon mechanism
Postoperative management
Outcome
Complications
Luxations of the tarsal joint
Types of luxations
Tibiotarsal subluxation and luxation
Intertarsal subluxation and luxation
Tarsometatarsal subluxation and luxation
Surgical management
Malleolar fracture repair
Transarticular external skeletal fixation in the tarsal joint
Partial and pantarsal arthrodesis
REFERENCES

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Practical Guide to Laboratory Test Interpretation and Differential Diagnosis. Haematology and Biochemistry

This is a technical-scientific manual describing the main algorithms used for differential diagnosis in the field of haematology and biochemistry in the small animal clinic. The objective of this book is to optimize the work of clinical veterinarians by providing them with the necessary tools to guide and facilitate the diagnosis of the main haematology- and biochemistry-related diseases of small animals and to establish aetiology based on specific clinical signs. The authors, experts in the field of small animal haematology and biochemistry, include additional resources (tables, images, etc.) that make this manual an essential reference for veterinarians working with cats and dogs.

Table of Contents

Index of abbreviations
1. Haematology
Additives used for blood sample collection
Blood smear evaluation
Reference ranges for blood smear evaluation
Platelet concentration
Red blood cell abnormalities
White blood cell abnormalities
Systematic evaluation of blood smears
Red blood cell alterations in blood smears
Template for blood smear evaluation
Interpretation of the haemogram
Anaemia
Types of anaemia
According to degree of regeneration
Regenerative anaemias
Semiregenerative anaemias
Nonregenerative anaemias
According to aetiology
Haemolytic anaemia
Anaemia due to CKD
Infectious anaemias
Iron-deficiency anaemia
Anaemia of chronic disease
Diagnostic process to differentiate between iron-deficiency anaemia
and anaemia of chronic disease
Erythrocytosis
Leukogram alterations
Leukogram patterns
Neutrophilia
Neutropaenia
Lymphocytosis
Lymphopaenia
Monocytosis
Eosinophilia
White blood cell alterations
Classification of leukaemias
Lymphoma
Multiple myeloma
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Most common hereditary immunodeficiencies
Hypersensitivity reactions
Alterations of the lymphoid organs and spleen
Lymphadenopathies
Fever of unknown origin
Splenomegaly
2. Haemostasis
Diagnostic techniques
Diagnostic approach
Rapid blood tests
Definitive tests
Diagnostic examination of patient with haemorrhages
Alterations in haemostasis
Petechiae and ecchymosis
Thrombocytopaenia
Hereditary coagulopathies
Acquired coagulopathies
DIC
3. Transfusion medicine: Blood transfusion and blood products
Donor selection
Blood groups
Dogs
Cats
Compatibility tests
Blood products
Transfusion practice
Transfusion reactions
4. Electrolyte abnormalities
Potassium
Hyperkalaemia
Hypokalaemia
Sodium
Hypernatraemia
Types of fluids and Na concentration
Hyponatraemia
Chlorine
Hyperchloraemia
Hypochloraemia
Calcium
Hypercalcaemia
Hypocalcaemia
Phosphorus
Hyperphosphataemia
Hypophosphataemia
Magnesium
Hypomagnesaemia
5. Alterations in acid-base balance
Acidaemia: aetiology and treatment
Alkalosis: aetiology and treatment
Expected compensatory responses to primary acid-base alterations
6. Alterations in serum biochemistry and urinalysis
Kidney disease
Polyuria/polydipsia syndrome
Acute azotaemia (ARF)
Chronic azotaemia (CKD)
Proteinuria
Haematuria
Interpretation of test strips
Interpretation of urinary sediment analysis
Liver disease
Jaundice
Increase in transaminases
Increase in alkaline phosphatase
Increase in bile acids
Increase in ammonia
Clinical and laboratory interpretation in liver disease: summary
Extrahepatic conditions that increase liver enzyme levels: summary
Gastrointestinal disease
Pancreatic disease
Glucose alterations
Hyperglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Lipid alterations
Hyperlipidaemia
Alterations in plasma proteins
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hyperglobulinaemia
Proteinogram
Creatine kinase
7. Effusion fluid
Body fluid analysis
Joint disease
Bibliography

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Dermatological Diagnosis In Dogs. An Approach Based on Clinical Patterns

Using a variety of graphical resources, this atlas describes the cutaneous clinical patterns most commonly encountered in dogs (accounting for 90 % of cases seen in veterinary clinics), as well as the associated aetiologies. For each pattern, corresponding guidelines are provided to ensure correct diagnosis. This book has been designed as an educational guide for veterinary practitioners to facilitate the diagnosis of skin diseases. The wealth of graphical material complementing the text provides veterinary surgeons with reference images with which to compare the cases they encounter in the clinic.

Table of Contents

1. General considerations for diagnosis based on clinical patterns
Introduction
Identify and define the dermatological pattern
Collect basic information
Establish the list of possible causes of the pattern
Propose tests in a logical order
2. Defining cutaneous patterns
Introduction
Pathophysiological responses of the epidermis to aggressions of the skin
Hyperkeratosis: alterations in the cornification process
Acanthosis: epidermal hyperplasia
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Atrophy of the epidermis
Alterations in the epidermal fluid equilibrium
Acantholysis
Exocytosis
Pathophysiological responses of the dermis to skin aggressions
Pathophysiological responses of skin appendages
Pathophysiological responses of the adipose tissue
Cutaneous clinical patterns
Focal-multifocal alopecia pattern
Symmetrical alopecia pattern (regional or generalised)
Scaling/crusting and seborrhoeic pattern
Erosive-ulcerative pattern
Vesicular papulopustular pattern
Nodular pattern
Pigmentary alteration pattern
Pruritus
3. Focal or multifocal alopecia
Introduction
Underlying causes of the pattern
Diagnostic procedure
Analysis of the medical history
General examination
Dermatological examination
Diagnostic protocol
4. Symmetrical alopecia (regional or generalised)
Introduction
Factors involved in hair growth and formation
Underlying causes of the pattern
Diagnostic procedure
Analysis of the medical history
General examination
Dermatological examination
Diagnostic protocol
5. Scaling/crusting and seborrhoeic pattern
Introduction
Underlying causes of the pattern
Primary keratinisation alterations
Secondary keratinisation alterations
Diagnostic procedure
Analysis of the medical history
General examination
Dermatological examination
Diagnostic protocol
6. Erosive-ulcerative pattern
Introduction
Underlying causes of the pattern
Diagnostic procedure
Analysis of the medical history
General examination
Dermatological examination
Diagnostic protocol
7. Papulopustular and vesicular pattern
Introduction
Underlying causes of the pattern
Diagnostic procedure
Analysis of the medical history
General examination
Dermatological examination
Diagnostic protocol
8. When the clinical presentation is pruritus
Introduction
Pathophysiology of pruritus
Causes of pruritic signs
Diagnostic procedure
Analysis of the medical history
Characteristics of pruritus
General examination
Dermatological examination
Diagnostic protocol
Treatment
9. References

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Clinical Immunodermatology in Small Animals

Servet presents this innovative work written by two specialists in the field. A unique feature of this book is that it takes a holistic approach to the fields of dermatology and immunology, rather than approaching them as distinct subjects. In this way, different dermatoses are presented considering the corresponding immunological, immunopathological, and immunophysiological features. The combination of the two subjects makes this work an indispensable tool for readers, providing them with guidelines to tackle each pathology that are unique within the current literature.

Table of Contents

1.Basic cutaneous immunology and immunopathology
Skin immunity
A brief introduction to the immune response
Types of immunological hypersensitivity
Diagnosis of dermatological allergies
Desensitisation immunotherapy
Immunodeficiencies and dermatosis
Immunomodulators in dermatology
2.Introduction to clinical dermatology
Introduction to clinical dermatology
Clinical dermatology terminology
Skin cytology
3.Immune-mediated skin diseases
Atopic dermatitis. Clinical case
Food allergy. Clinical case
Angioedema and urticaria. Clinical case
Flea allergy dermatitis. Clinical case
Arthropod bite hypersensitivity. Clinical case
Eosinophilic granuloma. Clinical case
Contact hypersensitivity. Clinical case
Cutaneous vasculitis. Clinical case
Pemphigus foliaceus. Clinical case
Discoid lupus erythematosus. Clinical case
Dermatomyositis. Clinical case
Uveodermatologic syndrome. Clinical case
Vitiligo. Clinical case
Erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Clinical case
Sebaceous adenitis. Clinical case
Lymphocytic folliculitis (alopecia areata and pseudopelade). Clinical case
Plasma cell or lymphoplasmacytic pododermatitis. Clinical case
Idiopathic sterile granuloma and pyogranuloma. Clinical case
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation/hypopigmentation. Clinical case
Skin reactions to drugs and vaccines. Clinical case
Panniculitis and cellulitis. Clinical case
Lupoid onychodystrophy. Clinical case
4. Cutaneous neoplasms of immune origin
Histiocytoma. Clinical case
Canine mastocytoma. Clinical case
Cutaneous lymphoma. Clinical case
Melanoma. Clinical case

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Small Animal Surgery. A Step-by-Step Guide. Surgical Techniques

This new volume of the collection Small animal surgery is a selection of the main surgical procedures explained in the previous volumes. The greatest asset of this book is that it is based on high-quality videos, which accompany each of the surgical techniques. These are classified according to degree of difficulty. This book is the result of the authors thorough and careful work and is an essential resource both for veterinary professionals in practice and students of veterinary surgery.

Table of Contents
1. Basic surgical techniques
Excretory urography
Excretory urography
Preventative hemostasis
Hydrodissection
Hydrodissection enucleation
Ophthalmic surgery. Entropion
Congenital entropion(Hotz-Celsus blepharoplasty)
Case / Hotz-Celsus blepharoplasty with CO2 laser
Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia
Urethral catheterization
Urinary catheterization
Cystocentesis
Cystocentesis and percutaneous bladder catheterization
Percutaneous bladder catheterization
Cystocentesis and percutaneous bladder catheterization
Purse string suture of the anus
Purse string suture
Castration
Canine orchidectomy
Case / Prescrotal castration in the dog
Anal neoplasia
Perianal neoplasia
Case / Adenoma (small size)
Closed sacculectomy
Bilateral sacculectomy
Vulval and vaginal neoplasia
Case / Vaginal tumor
Vaginal neoplasia
Rectal prolapse. Colopexy
Rectal prolapse: amputation
Laparotomy
Midline laparatomy
Liver biopsy
Liver biopsy
Renal biopsy
Wedge biopsy
Kidney biopsy
Partial splenectomy
Splenectomy
Splenectomy (vessel ligations)
Splenectomy (vessel sealants)
Ovariohysterectomy
Ovariohysterectomy in the dog
Ovariohysterectomy and pyometra
Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy
Pyometra / Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
Ovariohysterectomy and pyometra
Cystotomy
Cystotomy (bladder stones)
Bladder uroliths
Bladder stones (surgical treatment)
Case / Single urolith in a female dog
Ectopic testes
Ectopic testes (cryptorchidism/monorchidism)
Case / Abdominal monorchid
Nephrectomy
Nephrectomy (kidney stones)
Gastrostomy. Midline laparotomy
Foreign body (gastrotomy)
Gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome (GDV)
Gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome
Intestinal obstructiondue to a non-linear foreign body
Intestinal obstruction (enterotomy)
Enterotomy
Intestinal obstruction (enterotomy)
Enterectomy
Intestinal lesion (enterectomy)
Intestinal intussusception
Intestinal intussusception
Colectomy
Megacolon (colectomy)
Thoracocentesis
Thoracic puncture
Thoracotomy
Intercostal thoracotomy
Peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia
Diaphragmatic hernia

2. Advanced surgical techniques
Ear surgery: ablation of the external ear canal
Ablation of the external auditory canal
Case / Ablation of the external ear canal
Brachycephalic syndrome
Brachycephalic syndrome
Tracheal collapse
Tracheal collapse. Extraluminal cervical tracheoplasty
Extraluminal tracheoplasty
Tracheal collapse. Intraluminal tracheoplasty
Intraluminal tracheoplasty
Urethral stenoses
Case / Scrotal urethrostomy
Scrotal urethrostomy
Prolapse of the urethral mucosa
Urethral prolapse
Thoracoscopy
Thoracoscopy
Exploratory laparoscopy and laparoscopic surgery
Laparoscopic surgery
Portosystemic shunt
Case 1 / Extrahepatic shunt.
Cellophane tape banding (right-sided approach)
Portosystemic shunt: occlusion with a cellophane strip
Case 2 / Extrahepatic shunt.
Ameroid constrictor (left-sided approach)
Portosystemic shunt: placement of an ameroid ring
Hepatic surgery: hepatic lobectomy
Case / Hepatic lobectomy
Hepatic lobectomy
Intramural ureteral ectopy. Ureterocystostomy
Ureterocystostomy
Case / Intramural ectopic ureter
Extramural ectopic ureter.
Neo-ureterocystostomy
Neo-ureterocystostomy
Case / Extramural ectopic ureter
Esophageal hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia
Megaesophagus
Idiopathic megaesophagus (esophagus-diaphragmatic cardioplasty)
Case / Megaesophagus
Adrenal gland surgery. Adrenalectomy
Meticulous adrenalectomy
Case / Adrenalectomy
Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma
Cardiac tamponade. Pericardiectomy
Pericardiectomy
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
PDA. Conventional surgical treatment
Patent ductus arteriosus
Perineal hernia
Case 1 / Simple herniorraphy
Simple herniorraphy
Case 2 / Mesh implant
Mesh implant
Case 3 / Deferensopexy
Deferensopexy
Perianal fistulas
Case / Radical surgical resection
Perianal fistulas

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Stress, Compassion Fatigue and Burnout Handling in Veterinary Practice

There is a need to publicize the syndromes occurring in veterinary personnel due to work-related stress. Vets are apathetic or leaving the profession. It is vital for their emotional health that they know about these syndromes and the importance of seeking help early on. The up-to-date compilation of studies gives a clinical and human vision of these challenges based on the authors’ experience.

Table of Contents
1. Introduction to work-related stress syndromes and how they arise in the veterinary sector

2. How these syndromes affect the company and personnel
Psychosocial factors
Company-specific characteristics that affect worker stress
Psychosocial consequences of monotonous work
Indicators of work-related stress in the company
Wellbeing at work and self-efficacy

3. Understanding stress, burnout, and compassion fatigue in the veterinary profession
What is stress?
What is burnout?
What is compassion fatigue?

4. Vicarious trauma or vicarious traumatization
Signs and symptoms associated with vicarious trauma
Working on empathy
Balancing systems
Clarity of thought and common sense

5. Relationship between fatigue syndromes in human and veterinary medicine
Is there a parallel between human medicine and veterinary medicine with respect to fatigue syndromes?
Auxiliary veterinary personnel
What are toxic work environments and toxic companies?
Some empirical studies and data

6. Ethics, morals, and values in animal care
Ethics
The ethical dilemma
Strategies for reducing ethical tensions
Taboos in the veterinary profession
Documents that minimize the number of ethical dilemmas

7. Ten best practices to support staff and colleagues in veterinary practice
Ten best practices to help jumpstart the project
Compassion satisfaction is a best practice

8. How to deal with euthanasia and its emotional impact on veterinary clinic personnel
What is euthanasia?
How does euthanasia affect veterinary staff?
How do adults go through the grieving process?
Grief in children
How to deliver bad news to the owner: Buckman’s 6-step protocol
When to opt for euthanasia
Communication with the team
Future needs

9. Loss, grief, and suicide in veterinary medicine
Loss
Grief
Suicide
Best practices for organizational grieving
Best practices for individual grieving

10. Incorporating integrated wellness and standards of self-care in veterinarians and staff

11. Self-evaluation to measure levels of stress, burnout, and compassion fatigue
The Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) self-test
The Secondary Traumatic Stress Informed Organization Assessment (STSI-OA)
Onsite debriefings
Additional testing

12. Next steps: achieving and sustaining wellness in the veterinary profession

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Charm your Clients. Neuromarketing for Vets

Why do people buy things? What tools can we use to convince clients and sell our services? In this work, the authors offer their more than 20 years of experience working in different areas of a veterinary practice. Written with a practical approach, this book reviews the current knowledge in neuromarketing and provides advice for its implementation in the real daily life of veterinary practices.

 

 

Table of Contents

Introduction
1 What is neuromarketing and how can it be used?
2 Integrity and beliefs. Ethics in neuromarketing
3 What makes people buy things?
4 Future trends in veterinary medicine
5 How do your clients perceive you?
6 Are you willing to change?
7 Sell – what a wretched word!
8 Attracting clients. Reputation, coherence, and symbolic value
9 Reception in a neuromarketing clinic
10 Conquering your client’s mind. Neuromarketing in the consultation
room
11 Enabling decisions
12 How to offer health plans
13 Even more complicated: neuromarketing on social media
14 Neuromarketing over the telephone
15 Using neuromarketing to manage critical points during consultations
16 Managing internal clients. Employee communication and motivation
17 Tools for implementing neuromarketing in a veterinary practice
References

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Bone Surgery In Small Animals

Servet publishes this traumatology manual in which the most common fractures in the canine species and the way to solve them by osteosynthesis are described. The first six chapters are devoted to the general aspects of bone growth and healing, classification of bone fractures and the different types of osseous healing. The following chapters set out the fractures that can occur in the different bones, from the skull to the phalanges, with the various alternatives to address them and the advantages or disadvantages of the different applicable osteosynthesis systems. The information is supplemented by abundant radiographs showing the reader the possible treatment options. Finally, the author includes a chapter of selected clinical cases.

Table of Contents
1. Bone tissue
General information
Function
Structure
Vascular supply
2. Bone growth and healing
Bone growth
Bone healing
3. Classification of fractures
Soft tissue involvement
Number of fragments
Direction of the fracture plane
Metaphyseal and epiphyseal fractures
Joint fractures
4. Bone stimulation
Bone transplants
Types of bone transplants
BMP or PRP grafts. Pins, rush pins, Kirschner pins
5. Osteosynthesis systems and biomechanics
Biomechanics and their application in different osteosynthesis systems
Cerclages
Tension band pin system
External fixators
Screws
Plates
6. Complications in the bone healing process
Fracture disease
Contracture of the quadriceps muscle
Delayed union – non union
Defective consolidation (malunion)
Osteomyelitis
7. Head fractures
Cranial fractures
Fractures of the zygomatic arch
Fractures of the jaw
8. Forelimb fractures
Scapular fractures
Fractures of the humerus
Fractures of the radius and ulna
Carpal fractures
Fractures of the metacarpus and the metatarsus
9. Hind limb fractures
Hip fractures
Femur fractures
Fractures of the tibia and fibula
Tarsal fractures

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Infectious diseases in dogs. Practical Guide

This practical guide provides updated information about the infectious diseases that most commonly affect dogs, diagnostic approaches, treatments, vaccinations programmes and recommendations, etc., all described from a highly practical point of view.

Table of Contents

1.Rabies
Aetiology and incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prophylaxis
References
2.Parvovirus infection
Aetiology and incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
3.Distemper
Aetiology and incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
4.Canine infectious tracheobronchitis
Aetiology and incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
5.Leptospirosis
Aetiology and incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
6.Ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, and rickettsiosis
Aetiology and transmission
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment and prognosis
Prevention
References
7.Canine bartonellosis
Aetiology and transmission
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment and prognosis
Prevention
References
8.Canine mycoplasmosis
Haemotropic mycoplasmas
Nonhaemotropic mycoplasmas
References
9.Canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis
Canine toxoplasmosis
Canine neosporosis
References
10.Canine leishmaniasis
Aetiology, biological cycle, and transmission
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment and prognosis
Prevention
References
11.Canine babesiosis
Aetiology, biological cycle, and transmission
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment and prognosis
Prevention
References
12.Giardiasis
Aetiology and incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
13.Aspergillosis
Aetiology and incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
14.Cryptococcosis
Aetiology and incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
15.APPENDIX Recommendations and consensus for vaccination of dogs

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Infectious Diseases in Cats. Practical Guide

This book addresses the main feline infectious diseases that are usually seen in daily veterinary practice and includes all the existing updates regarding the diagnostic approach and management of these conditions. Its main aim is to provide highly practical information in order to offer a new perspective, different from other textbooks, about the current infectious diseases in cats.

Table of Contents

1. Feline panleukopaenia
Aetiology
Pathogenesis and clinical signs
Subclinical infection
Sudden death
Classic feline enteritis
Neurologic signs
Laboratory diagnosis
Treatment
Supportive care
Specific antiviral therapy
Prevention
Vaccination
Sanitary period
Hyperimmune sera
Feline interferon ω
Prognosis
Frequent questions
Case Studies
Case study 1: Peteto
Case study 2: Ra and his two littermates
2. Feline infectious peritonitis
Aetiology and pathogenesis
Diagnostic tests for FIP
Indirect tests
Direct test
Treatment
Immunity and prevention
References
Case studies
3. Upper respiratory tract infections
Clinical signs
Pathogenic agents
Feline calicivirus (FCV)
Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1)
Chlamydophila felis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Supportive care
Antibiotics
Antiviral treatments
Prevention
References
Case studies
4. Lower respiratory tract infections
Clinical signs
Diagnostic tests
Haematology
Biochemistry
Radiology
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Transtracheal aspiration
Fine-needle aspiration
Cytology
Microbiological tests
LRTI-causing bacteria
Mycoplasmas
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Streptococcus spp.
Escherichia coli
Pasteurella spp.
Salmonella spp.
Mycobacterium spp.
Other bacteria
LRTI-causing parasites
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Eucoleus aerophilus
Toxoplasma gondii
LRTI-causing fungi
LRTI-causing viruses
Feline calicivirus
Feline herpesvirus
Pyothorax
Causes
Clinical signs
Diagnostic tests
Other diagnostic imaging tests
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
References
5. Feline immunodeficiency virus
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Virus isolation
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Serology
Treatment
Supportive care
Antiviral treatment
Vaccination
References
Case studies
6. Feline leukaemia virus
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Immunocompetent cat
Immuncompromised cat
Clinical signs
Immunodepression
Anaemia
Cancer
Diagnosis
Virus isolation
ELISA (p 27)
Immunochromatography
Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA)
PCR for detection of provirus (DNA-PCR)
PCR for detection of viral RNA (RNA-PCR)
Serology
Interpretation of test results
Management of the infection
Immunomodulators
Antiviral drugs
Prevention
References
Case studies
7. Intestinal protozoa of cat
Giardia
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tritrichomonas foetus
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Toxoplasma gondii
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cystoisospora
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cryptosporidium felis
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Recommended reading

APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Fluid therapy
Physical examination
Treatment
Appendix 2. Vascular access routes
Central venous catheters
Intraosseous access
Appendix 3. Feeding in critical situations
Parenteral nutrition
Appendix 4. Blood transfusion
Donor selection
Adverse reactions associated with blood group
Collection of blood from donor
Transfusion volume
Administration
Adverse transfusion reactions
Appendix 5. Punctures and drainage devices
Thoracocentesis
Thoracic drainage
Abdominocentesis
References
Appendix 6. Feline oral disease
Clinical signs
Major oral diseases of cat
References
Appendix 7. When to stop treatment
End of life
How can I know if my cat is suffering?
References
Appendix 8. Vaccination
Types of vaccines
Vaccination guidelines
References

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Feline Ophthalmology. The manual

Feline Ophthalmology. The manual is laid out in an easy-to-read and accessible style, taking the form of a semi-atlas. There are many photographs and illustrations with an accompanying up-to-date text, including references, with practical tips and cutting edge information. Step-by-step guides to minor procedures and surgical conditions provide clear advice on techniques in general practice, with occasional reference to what is available in referral practice. Background information on anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology is also provided, but kept to a reasonable level. This book contains everything the clinician needs to know about eye-related problems in cats.

Table of Contents

1. Ocular examination
Introduction
Background
Equipment
Ocular examination
Examination in ambient lighting
Schirmer tear test
Laboratory sample collection
Microbiological sampling
Cytological sampling
Neuro-ophthalmic examination
Vision testing
Light reflexes
The palpebral reflex
The vestibulo-ocular reflex and physiological nystagmus
Distant direct ophthalmoscopy
Close examination in dim light or darkness
Fundus examination
Direct ophthalmoscopy
Indirect ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmic dyes
Fluorescein
Rose Bengal
Aesthesiometry
Tonometry
Gonioscopy
Electroretinography
Diagnostic imaging
Radiology
Ultrasonography
Computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
References
2. Anaesthesia and surgery
Introduction
Anaesthesia and analgesia
Preanaesthetic assessment
Analgesia and analgesics
Opioids
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Local anaesthetics
Alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonists
Ketamine
Anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery
Premedication
Induction, intubation and maintenance of anaesthesia
Neuromuscular blockade
Surgical preparation for ophthalmic procedures
Hair removal
Ocular disinfection
Draping
The operating room
Magnification
Seating of the surgeon
Head positioning of the patient
Surgical instrumentation
Instruments
Suture material and needles
References
3. Ocular therapeutics
Drug delivery to the eye and adnexa
Ocular medications
Antibacterials
Antiviral agents
Antifungal agents
Parasiticides
Antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs
Antiglaucoma drugs
Mydriatics and cycloplegics
Tear substitutes
Anticollagenases
Fibrinolytics
References
4. The orbit and globe
Anatomy and function
Diagnosis of orbital disease
Introduction
Examination and clinical signs
Ancillary diagnostic tests
Congenital anomalies of the globe and orbit
Anophthalmos and microphthalmos
Hydrophthalmos
Breed-related exophthalmos
Acquired anomalies of the globe and orbit
Buphthalmos
Phthisis bulbi
Trauma
Blunt and penetrating trauma
Globe proptosis
Orbital abscessation and cellulitis
Senile enophthalmos
Orbital cystic disease
Orbital neoplasia
Restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma
Globe removal techniques
Enucleation
Orbital evisceration and intraocular prosthesis
Orbital exenteration
References
5. The eyelids, nictitans and lacrimal system
Anatomy and function
Diseases of the eyelids
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Eyelid coloboma
Dermoid
Distichiasis and ectopic cilia
Entropion
Blepharitis
Viral
Bacterial
Fungal
Parasitic
Immune-mediated
Allergic
Apocrine hidrocystomas
Eyelid neoplasia
The tarsorrhaphy
Diseases of the nictitans
Nictitans protrusion
Prolapse of the nictitans gland
Nictitans cartilage eversion
Neoplasia of the nictitans
The nictitans flap
Diseases of the nasolacrimal system
Epiphora
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Trauma to the eyelids, nictitans and nasolacrimal system
References
6. The conjunctiva
Anatomy and function
Congenital conditions
Dermoid
Acquired conditions
Symblepharon
Trauma
Conjunctivitis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Infectious conjunctivitis
Lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis
Eosinophilic (proliferative) conjunctivitis
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Parasitic conjunctivitis
Neoplasia
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Vascular conjunctival tumours
Other neoplastic conditions affecting the conjunctiva
References
7. The cornea
Anatomy and function
Congenital and developmental conditions
Dermoid
Microcornea and megalocornea
Leukoma associated with persistent pupillary membranes
Lysosomal storage disease
Corneal dystrophy
Acquired conditions of the cornea
Herpetic keratitis
Eosinophilic (proliferative) keratitis
Corneal sequestrum
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Acute bullous keratopathy
Florida keratopathy
Corneal degeneration
Corneal ulceration
Superficial corneal ulceration
Stromal corneal ulceration
Exposure keratitis
Corneal laceration
Corneal foreign body
Corneal epithelial inclusion cyst
Neoplasia
References
8. The uveal tract
Anatomy and function
The iris
The ciliary body
The choroid
The blood-ocular barrier
Congenital conditions
Congenital disorders of pigmentation
Albinism
Iris heterochromia
Incomplete iris development
Iris coloboma
Iris hypoplasia
Persistent pupillary membrane
Acquired conditions
Ectropion uveae
Uveal cysts
Iris pigmentation
Iridal melanosis
Copper-coloured iris
Iris atrophy
Synechiae
Lipaemic aqueous
Uveitis
Clinical signs
Causes of uveitis
Investigation of uveitis
Uveal neoplasia
Diffuse iris melanoma
Feline intraocular sarcoma
Primary ciliary body neoplasia
Metastatic neoplasia
References
9. Glaucoma
Introduction
What is glaucoma?
Aqueous humour dynamics
Investigation of glaucoma
Tonometry
Ophthalmoscopy
Gonioscopy
Normal intraocular pressure
Clinical signs of glaucoma
Types of feline glaucoma
Primary glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma
Chronic anterior uveitis
Intraocular neoplasia
Lens disorders
Intraocular haemorrhage
Aqueous humour misdirection syndrome
Uveal cysts
Treatment of glaucoma
Medical treatment
Surgical treatment
References
10. The lens
Embryology, anatomy and function
Congenital anomalies
Acquired anomalies of the lens
Nuclear sclerosis
Cataracts
Lens luxation
References
11. The vitreous and fundus
Anatomy and function
Congenital abnormalities of the vitreous and fundus
The vitreous
The fundus
Acquired diseases of the vitreous and fundus
Acquired diseases of the vitreous
Acquired diseases of the fundus
Retina and choroid
Optic nerve head
References
12. Neuro-ophthalmology
The neuro-ophthalmic examination
Vision testing
The menace response
The tracking response
The visual placing response
Maze tests and obstacle courses
Light reflexes
The pupillary light reflex and swinging flashlight test
The dazzle reflex
The palpebral and corneal reflexes
The vestibulo-ocular reflex and physiological nystagmus
Autonomic innervation of the eye and adnexa
Parasympathetic innervation
Sympathetic innervation
Ophthalmic manifestations of neurological disease
Disorders of the autonomic nervous system
Horner’s syndrome
Pourfour du Petit syndrome
Dysautonomia (Key-Gaskell syndrome)
Disorders of globe position and movement
Strabismus
Strabismus and nystagmus associated with ocular albinism
Cavernous sinus syndrome
Causes of neuro-ophthalmic disease
Congenital
Hydrocephalus
Acquired
Infectious causes of neuro-ophthalmic disease
Idiopathic meningoencephalitis
Metabolic
Trauma
Neoplasia of the CNS
Postanaesthetic blindness
Contralateral optic neuropathy
References

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Oncology in Senior Animals with Clinical Cases

This book shows the tumours most commonly diagnosed in animals in the senior age range and describes their most common clinical signs, diagnostic approach, prognosis, and treatment. Case studies are included to further the reader’s understanding of these pathologies.

 

 

Table of Contents

1. General aspects of senior oncology
General aspects of senior oncology
Oncology in senior animals
Introduction
What are the clinical effects of age?
Are senior patients more likely to get cancer because of their age?
Treating the senior patient
The oncology visit
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Introduction
Causes and origin of paraneoplastic syndromes
Paraneoplastic syndromes and early diagnosis in oncology
Paraneoplastic syndromes by body system
Miscellaneous manifestations

2. Most common neoplasms in senior oncology
Cutaneous tumours
Introduction
Prevalence of cutaneous tumours
Aetiology
Assessing a cutaneous tumour
Cytology
Biopsy
Staging
Most common cutaneous tumours
Squamous cell carcinoma
Mast cell tumour
Cutaneous melanoma
Cutaneous lymphoma
Histiocytoma
Cutaneous plasmacytoma
Fibrovascular papillomas
Basal cell carcinoma
Hepatoid adenoma
Injection-site sarcoma
Digestive tumours in senior patients
Oral tumours
Introduction
Classification
Oral melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma
Epulides
Gastrointestinal tumours
General clinical signs
Gastrointestinal tumours in dogs
Gastrointestinal tumours in cats
Eyelid and orbital tumours
Introduction
Nuclear sclerosis
Iris atrophy
Eyelid tumours in senior dogs and cats
Meibomian gland adenomas and adenocarcinomas
Melanomas
Histiocytomas
Mast cell tumours
Hidrocystoma
Peripheral nerve sheath tumours
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcomas
Orbital tumours in senior dogs and cats
Introduction to orbital disorders
Introduction to orbital tumours
Orbital tumours in cats
Musculoskeletal tumours in senior patients
Osteosarcoma
Tumour presentation and behaviour
Clinical signs
Aetiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Clinical course and prognosis in canine and feline osteosarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomas
Introduction
Injection-site sarcoma in cats
Haemolymphatic system tumours in senior patients
Introduction
Canine lymphoma
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Leukaemia
Classification
Malignant lymphoproliferative disorders
Myeloproliferative diseases
Myelodysplastic syndromes
How to identify leukaemia
Treating leukaemia
Feline leukaemia

3. Common clinical cases in senior oncology
Common clinical cases in senior oncology
Anaemia due to hyperoestrogenism caused by a tumour
Clinical history
Clinical examination
Diagnostic tests
Treatment
Theoretical aspects
Squamous cell carcinoma in senior cats
Introduction
Clinical examination
Diagnostic tests and definitive diagnosis
Medical and surgical treatment
Clinical course
Theoretical aspects
Vaginal polyps in senior patients
Introduction
Clinical history
Clinical examination
Diagnostic tests
Treatment options
Theoretical aspects
Oral canine melanoma
Clinical history
Surgical treatment
Immunotherapy
Eyelid mast cell tumour in a cat
Clinical history
Clinical examination
Diagnostic tests
Diagnosis
Treatment
Clinical course
Theoretical aspects
Nasal lymphoma in a cat
Clinical history
Clinical examination
Diagnostic tests
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Theoretical aspects
Mediastinal lymphoma in a cat
Clinical history
Clinical examination
Diagnostic tests
Treatment
Theoretical aspects

References

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Case Studies in Cardiothoracic Medicine

By Borgeat, Kieran;Salgüero Fernández, Raquel

This book covers an extensive range of real-life patient journeys, using gold standard imaging techniques and in-depth discussion around treatment and patient outcomes. These case studies will allow readers to improve their general cardiorespiratory knowledge, learn the value of basic echocardiographic measurements, and see what cutting-edge treatments are possible for a range of disorders.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 CARDIAC CASE STUDIES
Acquired heart disease
Case 1. Myxomatous mitral valve disease
Case 2. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Case 3. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Case 4. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Case 5. Cardiac haemangiosarcoma
Case 6. Heart base tumour
Case 7. Infective endocarditis
Arrhythmias
Case 8. Ventricular tachycardia
Case 9. Supraventricular tachycardia
Case 10. Third-degree atrioventricular block
Case 11. Sick sinus syndrome
Congenital heart disease
Case 12. Pulmonic stenosis
Case 13. Subaortic stenosis
Case 14. Patent ductus arteriosus
Case 15. Ventricular septal defect
Case 16. Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Case 17. Mitral valve dysplasia
Case 18. Tetralogy of Fallot
Case 19. Atrioventricular septal defect
Case 20. Cor triatriatum dexter
Case 21. Divided left atrium
02 RESPIRATORY CASE STUDIES
Pulmonary disease
Case 22. Feline asthma
Case 23. Bronchial foreign body
Case 24. Aspiration pneumonia
Case 25. Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy
Case 26. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Case 27. Pneumocystic pneumonia. Pneumocystis carinii
Case 28. Parasitic pneumonia. Angiostrongylus vasorum
Pleural disease
Case 29. Spontaneous pneumothorax
Case 30. Idiopathic chylothorax
Mediastinal disease
Case 31. Thymoma
Case 32. Vascular ring anomalies. Persistent right aortic arch
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Canine and Feline Obesity

This book provides veterinary surgeons with a global perspective on obesity in dogs and cats. Moreover, the information and therapeutic strategies presented within can help ensure that pet owners become fully involved in improving the health of their pets.

Table of Contents

1 GENERAL ASPECTS OF OBESITY
Definition
Epidemiology
Factors involved in obesity
Veterinary team
Patient: breed and sex
The owner: energy balance and type of diet
Diseases associated with obesity
Increased anaesthetic and surgical risk in obese patients
2 ADIPOSE TISSUE
Formation, types, dynamics, and functions
Composition and origin
Adipose tissue function
Endocrine regulation of energy balance
Neuroendocrine regulation of food consumption
What is the key to obesity?
Obesity and feline diabetes
3 IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF
OBESE PATIENTS
Weight denominations and errors in calculating weight
Body composition, evaluation, and weight
Diagnostic methods in research
Chemical cadaver analysis
In vitro studies
In vivo studies
Diagnostic methods in clinical practice
Lumbar ultrasound
Morphometric measurements: biometrics
Body condition score (BCS)
Biochemical markers
4 COMMUNICATION WITH OWNERS
Introduction
Interaction with the owner
Models
Types of pet owners
5 NUTRIENTS IN WEIGHT-LOSS
PROGRAMMES
Energy
Fat and fat-soluble nutrients
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Vitamin E and selenium
Fibre
Protein
Carbohydrates
Dietary supplements
6 DIETARY MANAGEMENT IN WEIGHTLOSS
PROGRAMMES
Protocol
Introduction
How are the patient’s requirements determined?
Target weight and RER
By subtracting daily mass loss from current weight
Dietary restriction based on an optimal (target) weight considering
maintenance requirements
What is the patient’s daily ration?
Calculation based on product label information
Calculation based on the energy content of the food
How is the recommended daily ration administered to the patient?
Monitoring progress
7 TREATMENT OF OBESITY
Workplan
Initial approach
Duration and cost of treatment
Food selection
Agreed rewards
Exercise and lifestyle
Pharmacological treatment of obesity
Drugs with peripheral mode of action
Central-acting drugs
Surgical treatment of obese patients
Bariatric surgery
Liposuction
8 PREVENTION OF OBESITY
The rebound or yo-yo effect
The yo-yo effect: underlying pathophysiology and factors involved
Preventive strategies
Monitoring during different stages
Monitoring during growth
Monitoring in adult patients
Neutered animals
REFERENCES

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Canine and Feline Nutrition and Dietetics, A Guide for the General Practitioner

By Guidi, Debora

he centrality of nutrition in the state of health of pets has emerged only in the recent years, both to prolong their life expectancy and to prevent the onset of serious diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus or liver lipidosis. The goal of this book is that each veterinarian can clearly answer the questions that are most frequently asked by the owners: Which type of food to choose? How to navigate between the different products on the market? The text also provides real recipes to be proposed in synergy with the nutritional handbooks of various food manufacturers, to consciously choose and be able to compare the nutritional characteristics of different products on the market. Nutrition is a fundamental aspect in the relationship between owners and pets and for this reason the text also gives great importance to aspects related to behavior and alimentary disturbances on an emotional basis.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Nutrients and Nutritional Needs

Chapter 2 Nutrition in the Different Stages of Life

Chapter 3 The Foods

Chapter 4 Food Management During Pathologies

Chapter 5 The Recipes

Chapter 6 Alimentary Behavior

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Clinical Reasoning and Differential Diagnosis, Evaluate Your Skills

After explaining how clinical reasoning can be applied to identify a patient’s problems, focus on the most relevant issue, and determine its causes, this book describes complex case studies from a physiological and diagnostic perspective. Readers will be asked to answer a series of questions in order to assess their knowledge and acquire the necessary skills for properly establishing a diagnosis.

 

 

Table of Contents

1. HOW TO PERFORM DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
What is clinical reasoning?
Intuitive clinical reasoning based on the identification of patterns
Clinical reasoning based on laboratory tests
Clinical reasoning based on the identification of problems
Steps of problem-based clinical reasoning
2. CLINICAL REASONING IN A CASE OF
FEVER/HYPERTHERMIA
CLINICAL CASE: Fever/hyperthermia
Reasoning applied to the case
Identifying the animal’s problems
Prioritise the problems
Structuring and organising the problem (differential diagnosis)
Individualise the diagnostic plan
Establish a definitive diagnosis or reassess the differential diagnosis
Final treatment plan and evolution
Brief review of… Urinary tract infections
What is bacteriuria? Is it synonymous with a urinary infection?
Can any bacteria isolated from the urinary tract produce clinical signs of a UTI?
What is the best way to identify a bacterial urinary infection?
How do we treat urinary infections?
•Uncomplicated urinary tract infections
•Complicated urinary tract infections
Are there any alternatives to prevent infections?
•Cranberry supplements
•D-mannose

•Methenamine salts
•Antibiotics as prophylaxis
Recommended reading
3. CLINICAL REASONING IN A CASE OF
POLYURIA/POLYDIPSIA
CLINICAL CASE: Polyuria/polydipsia
Reasoning applied to the case
Identifying the animal’s problems
Prioritise the problems
Structuring and organising the problem (differential diagnosis)
Individualise the diagnostic plan
•What is the approach with such a patient?
•Which diagnostic tests are required?
Establish a definitive diagnosis or reassess the differential diagnosis
Final treatment plan and evolution
Brief review of… Central diabetes insipidus (CDI)
What is central diabetes insipidus?
What causes central diabetes insipidus?
Which clinical signs warn about this process?
What are the common laboratory findings?
Which diagnostic tests can be used to confirm a suspicion of CDI?
•Modified water deprivation test
•Desmopressin response test
What treatment options are available?
What’s the correct follow-up for an animal with CDI?
Recommended reading
4. CLINICAL REASONING IN THE CASE OF URINARY
DISORDER
CLINICAL CASE: Urinary disorder
Reasoning applied to the case
Identifying the animal’s problems

Prioritise the problems
Structuring and organising the problem (differential diagnosis)
Individualise the diagnostic plan
Establish a definitive diagnosis or reassess the differential diagnosis
Final treatment plan and evolution
Brief review of… Ectopic ureter
What causes ectopic ureter?
What is the most significant clinical sign in ectopic ureter?
What is the best method for ruling out or confirming a clinical suspicion of ectopic
ureter?
What is the treatment of choice for ectopic ureters?
Recommended reading
5. CLINICAL REASONING IN A CASE OF
REGURGITATION/DYSPHAGIA
CLINICAL CASE: Regurgitation/dysphagia
Reasoning applied to the case
Identifying the animal’s problems
Prioritise the problems
Structuring and organising the problem (differential diagnosis)
Individualise the diagnostic plan
Establish a definitive diagnosis or reassess the differential diagnosis
Final treatment plan and evolution
Brief review of… Cricopharyngeal dysphagia
What is cricopharyngeal dysphagia?
What are the clinical signs of cricopharyngeal dysphagia?
What causes this disorder?
How is cricopharyngeal dysphagia diagnosed?
Are electromyograms and biopsies essential for the diagnostic process?
What is the best treatment for cricopharyngeal achalasia?
Recommended reading
6. CLINICAL REASONING IN A CASE OF DIARRHOEA

CLINICAL CASE: Diarrhoea
Reasoning applied to the case
Identifying the animal’s problems
Prioritise the problems
Structuring and organising the problem (differential diagnosis)
•Is the breed prone to any gastrointestinal diseases?
•Is it acute or chronic diarrhoea?
•Is it large intestine or small intestine diarrhoea?
•Do we need more diagnostic tests? Which ones?
Individualise the diagnostic plan
Establish a definitive diagnosis or reassess the differential diagnosis
Final treatment plan and evolution
Brief review of… Feline inflammatory bowel disease
What is chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
How are intestinal microbiota involved in IBD?
Is IBD associated with other diseases?
Is it possible to measure the degree of IBD involvement?
Which tests are recommended for a cat with suspected IBD?
Which imaging tests provide the most information in cats with IBD?
Is intestinal lymph node cytology helpful in the diagnosis of IBD?
What is the best type of biopsy in animals with suspected IBD?
Recommended reading
7. CLINICAL REASONING IN A CASE OF JAUNDICE
CLINICAL CASE: Jaundice
Reasoning applied to the case
Identifying the animal’s problems
Prioritise the problems
Structuring and organising the problem (differential diagnosis)
Individualise the diagnostic plan
Establish a definitive diagnosis or reassess the differential diagnosis
Final treatment plan and evolution
Brief review of… Canine hepatic lymphoma

Can there be an exclusively hepatic lymphoma?
If a multicentric lymphoma can affect the liver, how can it be distinguished from a
primary hepatic lymphoma?
Which phenotype usually affects the liver in dogs?
Is it easy to identify hepatic lymphoma with diagnostic imaging?
Do multicentric lymphomas and hepatic lymphomas have the same prognosis?
Recommended reading
8. CLINICAL REASONING IN A CASE OF RESPIRATORY
DISTRESS
CLINICAL CASE: Respiratory distress
Reasoning applied to the case
Identifying the animal’s problems
Prioritise the problems
Structuring and organising the problem (differential diagnosis)
•How can we detect the presence of respiratory distress?
•What causes respiratory distress?
Individualise the diagnostic plan
•What is the approach with such a patient?
•What is most likely in S ’s case?
•Which additional tests should be considered?
Establish a definitive diagnosis or reassess the differential diagnosis
Final treatment plan and evolution
Brief review of… Pulmonary parasitosis in cats
Which lung parasites are important in cats?
Is it possible to differentiate between them or other lung diseases based on clinical
signs?
Which other parasites can cause cough?
How are they transmitted?
What changes are revealed by chest X-rays?
Which are the best diagnostic techniques for detecting lung diseases caused by
parasites?
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